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Sabah tauka dikumbai mega Sabah Negeri Dibawah Bayu[19] ia nya siti negeri dalam menua Malaysia ti bepalan ba begian utara pulau Borneo. Indu negeri Sabah iya nya Kota Kinabalu, ti suba dikumbai enggau nama Jesselton. Penuduk Sabah ti amat strategik nya ba baruh jalai angin monsun lalu nadai kala dituntung ribut taufan, kelimpah ari sekeda ribut tropika ti mit. Sabah nyadi negeri kedua pemadu besai di Malaysia. Pemesai kandang menua rata Sabah kira-kira 72,500 kilometer persegi, lalu besempadan enggau Sarawak, lalu diseraraka ari Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan di Malaysia. Kelimpah ari nya, Sabah mega bisi adan darat entarabansa ba bagi menua selatan rantau tu ia nya Tasik Sulawesi enggau Indonesia, lalu adan ai ba utara Tasik Sulu enggau Filipina sereta ba barat Tasik China Selatan enggau Brunei sereta Vietnam enggau garis pantai ti dipelabaka 1,290–1,450 km. Sabah ngembuan iklim kampung ujan tropika sereta ngembuan gunung pemadu tinggi ba Malaysia sereta ba pulau Borneo iya nya Gunung Kinabalu, enggau peninggi 4,101 meter, lalu nyadi sebagi ari rantau Crocker. Rintai rentang (rentang) di Sabah— Crocker, Trusmadi enggau Witti begerigi di dalam menua lalu nyengkaum mayuh puncak ti manggai peninggi entara 1,200 enggau 1,800 meter. Entara Crocker Range enggau tasik ba tebing tasik barat bisi tanah rata tebing tasik ti luas sereta mayuh mensia; tanah rata bukai baka di Tenom, Tambunan enggau Keningau, bepalan ba pedalaman entara massa gunung, lalu tanah rendah timur sebagi ari iya dibelah nengah chara nembus.

Sabah
Negeri
Sabah
Negeri Sabah (Melayu)
Flag of Sabah
Flag
Coat of arms of Sabah
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Bumi Di Bawah Bayu[1]
Bumi di Baruh Angin[2]
Motto(s): 
Sabah Maju Jaya[3]
Sabah Mangsang Mujur[3]
Anthem: Sabah Tanah Airku[4]
Sabah, Menua Asalku
   Sabah ba    Malaysia
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 5°15′N 117°0′E / 5.250°N 117.000°E / 5.250; 117.000
Ditumbuhka baruh Empayar BruneiAbad ke-15
Kesultanan Sulu1658
Borneo Utara British1882
Penguasa Jipun1942
Koloni mahkota British15 July 1946
Bulih pengatur kediri31 Ogos 1963[5][6][7][8]
Begabung nyadi Malaysia[9]16 September 1963[10]
Indu nengeri
(enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai)		Kota Kinabalu
Bagi Menua
List
Government
 • BodySabah State Legislative Assembly
 • Yang di-Pertua NegeriJuhar Mahiruddin
 • Kepala MenteriHajiji Noor
(GRS–GAGASAN)
Pemesai
[11]
 • Penyampau73,904 km2 (28,534 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Gunung Kinabalu)
4,095 m (13,435 ft)
Penyampau mensia
 (2020)[11]
 • PenyampauIncrease 3,418,785 (ke−3)
 • Pemadat46/km2 (120/sq mi)
DemonymSabahan
Demografi (2022)[11]
 • Persin raban bansa
Jaku
 • ResmiJaku Melayu
 • Ke mega dikena
Time zoneUTC+8 (JSM[12])
Poskod
88xxx[13] to 91xxx[14]
Kod talipaun087 (Inner District)
088 (Kota Kinabalu & Kudat)
089 (Lahad Datu, Sandakan & Tawau)[15]
ISO 3166 codeMY-12
Vehicle registrationSA, SAA, SAB, SAC, SY (West Coast)
SB (Beaufort)
SD (Lahad Datu)
SK (Kudat)
SS, SSA, SM (Sandakan)
ST, STA, SW (Tawau)
SU (Keningau)[16]
HDI (2019)Increase 0.710[17]
high · 15th
GDP (nominal)2022
 • TotalIncrease $27.758 billion
(RM 122.138 billion)[18] (5th)
 • Per capitaIncrease $8,186
(RM 36,020)[18] (11th)
GDP (PPP)2022
 • TotalIncrease $77.938 billion (6th)
 • Per capitaIncrease $22,797 (11th)
Tisi deribaKiba
Electricity voltage230 V, 50 Hz
Mata wangRinggit Malaysia (RM/MYR)
WebsiteNo URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.

Sabah kala dikelala enggau nama Menua Borneo Utara (State of North Borneo) maya dijajah British nyentukka taun 1963. Bisi sejarah kediri empu, indah bisi kaul enggau sejarah Brunei-Filipina. Pelilih menua tu kala nyadi sebagi ari Perintah Sriwijaya, Majapahit, Kesultanan Brunei, Sulu sebedau perintah Koloni British (SBUB enggau Perintah Koloni British) enggau Jipun maya Perang Dunya Kedua. Diatu negeri tu udah nyadi sebagi ari Malaysia.

Negeri Sabah ngembuan sistem demokrasi konstitusyen kenyau ari jeman merintah diri dalam taun 1963. Enggau dewan undangan nengeri kediri empu, ketuai menua iya nya Yang di-Pertua Negara Sabah (sebedau tu Gabenor Sabah), Kepala Menteri nyadi tuai perintah di Sabah, lalu dibantu Kabinet iya. Sabah mega siti ari empat negeri (dua ari nya negeri Semenanjung) di Malaysia ti nadai sultan tauka raja ba renggat negeri. Bepelasarka sistem Westminister ti diwaris ari perintah British, lalu mega siti ari Provinsi ti pemadu tumu ngena sistem tu. Sabah ngembuan 5 sitak pentadbiran (begian) enggau 27 pelilih menua. Jaku Melayu nyadi jaku nasional, lalu ditangkan Jaku English nyadi jaku resmi di Sabah.

Rayat Sabah rindu ngumbai diri sida enggau gelar Sabahan, lalu mungkur 33 raban bansa asal (Bumiputera Sabah) ti ngena lebih 50 bansa jaku enggau 80 dialek etnik. Bisi siti kreol Melayu ti suah dikena dia iya nya Jaku Melayu Sabah. Raban bansa ti pemadu mayuh di Sabah iya nya Kadazan-Dusun ti mungkur urung 30% peranak di Sabah. Pesta Kaamatan ke diintu 30 enggau 31 Mei ninting taun iya nya pengerami ti diintu orang Kadazan-Dusun enggau tuju ngetanka tradisyen semengat padi tauka “Bambarayon” kelimpah ari mantaika pengaga ati sida ketegal asil ti manah. Bansa besai ke bukai di Sabah iya nya Bajau Samah, enggau Murut (orang ke diau ba kandang menua bebukit sereta nyadi pengayau maya jemah suba), iya nya raban bansa kedua enggau ketiga pemadu mayuh di pelilih menua Sabah. Bansa bukai di Sabah baka Orang Sungai, Bajau, Iranun, Melayu Brunei, Banjar, Bugis, Kedayan, Lotud, Lundayeh, Rungus, Sepanyol, Minokok, Bonggi, enggau Ida’an. Kelimpah ari nya, bansa China tauka bechampur China-Dusun (Sino/Sino-native) mega nyadi batang raban bansa asal di Wilayah Sabah.

Demografi

Artikel batang: Demografi Sabah

Raban bansa enggau imigresyen

Raban bansa ba Sabah (2020)[20]
Raban bansa Persin
Bumiputera ke bukai
 
 19.69%
Kadazan-Dusun
 
 19.33%
Bajau
 
 16.54%
China
 
 7.28%
Melayu
 
 8.99%
Murut
 
 3.11%
Peranak asal ukai bansa asal
 
 1.34%
Ukai peranak Malaysia
 
 23.71%

Nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh Malaysia taun 2020, penyampau tubuh peranak Sabah manggai 3,418,785 iku, lalu nyadika Sabah nengeri ketiga pemadu mayuh peranak di Malaysia enggau penyampau tubuh ukai peranak menua pemadu mayuh iya nya 810,443 iku.[20] Taja pia, ketegal Malaysia entara menua ke pemadu mimit mensia mayuh di Asia, Sabah kelebih agi jarang mensia enggau tebal agi mensia mayuh bepalan ba kandang menua pesisir kenyau ari mengeri enggau palan mengeri udah ngerembai enggau besai. Bisi dipelabaka 42 iti bansa enggau lebih 200 iti sub-raban bansa ti ngembuan jaku, budaya enggau sistem pengarap kediri empu.[21] Tiga raban bansa asal besai ba Sabah ke pemadu besai iya nya Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau enggau Murut. Bisi mega raban bansa bukai baka Rungus, Orang Sungai, Melayu Brunei, Lundayeh, Suluk enggau raban bansa Bumiputera minoriti ke bukai,[22] seraya bansa China nyadika batang populasyen ukai bansa asal.[2] Penyampau pemindah ke tinggi ngagai nengeri tu diperatika dalam taun 1970-an, lebuh beratus ribu iku pelarian Filipina, ke tebal agi bansa Moro, berengkah datai ketegal konflik Moro ba kandang menua nya. Bisi mega pengereja pengawa Indonesia ari Kalimantan, Sulawesi enggau Pulau Sunda Kecil.[23][24] Penatai imigresyen nadai pemendar ti enda ulih ditagang udah meri empas ti besai ngagai penanggul politik, ekonomi enggau sosio-budaya kelebih agi ngagai raban bansa asal setempat. Penatai raban PATI tu enggau penumbuh ekonomi ti laun ngujungka peranak Sabah pindah ke Semenanjung Malaysia tauka menua tasik ngiga kereja enggau peluang penatai pemisi ti begaji manah agi.[25][26][27]

Pengarap

Pengarap ba Sabah (2020)[28]
Pengarap Persin
Islam
 
 69.6%
Kristian
 
 24.7%
Buddha
 
 5.1%
Nadai pengarap
 
 0.4%
Ke bukai
 
 0.1%
Hindu
 
 0.1%

Pengarap Islam nya pengarap majoriti ba negeri Sabah, taja pan raban bansa iya mengkang sekular.[29][30] Ba pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2020, peratus orang Islam urung 69.6%, lalu orang Kristian 24.7% enggau orang Buddha 5.1%.[28] Dalam taun 1960, peratus penyampau tubuh orang Islam semina 37.9%, lalu peratus orang Kristian 16.6% lalu nyau deka setengah ari penyampau tubuh nya ngaku pengarap bukai, iya nya ba 45.5%.[31][32][33] Peniki nya tebal agi diberi nengah tikas imigresyen ti tinggi ti enda ditagang enggau pengawa nukar pengarap bebala mayuh ti kontroversial dalam beberapa dekad ke udah.[34][35]

Colony of North Borneo Annual Report, 1960, beratika raban bansa asal ke besai ngetanka pengarap pagan, lalu kandang menua pesisir majoriti orang Islam. Pengarap bukai ke disebut iya nya pengarap tradisional China enggau mayuh macham denominasyen Kristian.[36] Mayuh raban bansa asal meda orang nukar pengarap ngagai pengarap Kristian,[37] sebagi ketegal penyelarasan budaya baka nadai tagang ba pemakai dagin babi.[38]

Beberapa pengarap bukai baka pengarap rayat China sereta mega pengarap India Hindu enggau Sikh mega dikemeranka ba negeri tu.[39]

Jaku

Jaku Melayu nyadi batang jaku ke dikena di nengeri tu, taja pan enggau jaku kreol ke bebida ari jaku Melayu Sarawak enggau Melayu Semenanjung.[40] Nengeri tu ngembuan jaku slang kediri empu ungkup jaku Melayu ti bepun sekalika ari leka jaku asal, jaku Melayu Brunei, jaku Bajau, jaku Suluk enggau jaku Dusun.[41] Jaku asal menua Sabah ulih dibagi ngagai empat ruang bilik jaku iya nya Dusunik, Murutik, Paitanik enggau Sama–Bajau.[42] Jaku asal taja pia napi punas ketegal mayuh ngena jaku Melayu kelebih agi ba rumah laban apai indai suah meda jaku asal nya enda engkeman kelebih agi bekaul enggau pengawa. Taja pia, lebuh penyedar ke jaku asal nyau majak nyata, mayuh agi apai indai ke moden bebendar deka nurunka jaku asal sida.[43][44][45] Laban bansa Hakka nyadi majoriti jaku China di Sabah, jaku Hakka nyadi dialek China ke pemadu suah dikena di nengeri tu kelimpah ari jaku Kanton enggau Hokkien.[46]

Berindik ari ubah perintah pengudah pengawa bepilih besai 2018, perintah baru Sabah udah madahka nadai sekat ba pengawa ngena jaku English di nengeri tu, lalu nambah taja pan Opis Menteri Pelajar madahka nya enda sah jaku English dikena di Sabah, tagang nya enda dikemendarka dipejalaika di nengeri tu, lalu nya perintah nengeri deka nginsil undang-undang ti enda betul sebedau tu laban tagang nya semina deka mai mayuh agi pengerusak ngagai rebak baru sida kelebih agi lebuh sida begunaka pengawa ba firma tauka gerempung peribit ti begunaka Pengelandik bejaku English. Perintah nengeri baru mega madahka sida deka beratika pekara nya enti bisi pematut ubah ba undang-undang nengeri.[47]

Penerang

  1. ↑ "Mengenai Sabah" [About Sabah] (id jaku Malay). Sabah State Government. Diarkib ari asal on 19 May 2016. Diambi 19 May 2016.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "About Sabah". Sabah State Government. Diarkib ari asal on 20 May 2016. Diambi 20 May 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Meaning of the Sabah State Crest". Sabah State Government. Diarkib ari asal on 10 June 2014. Diambi 10 June 2014.
  4. ↑ "Lagu-Lagu Patriotik" [Patriotic Songs] (id jaku Malay). Sabah State Government. Diarkib ari asal on 20 May 2016. Diambi 20 May 2016.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Group
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tna
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Porritt1997
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SG
  9. ↑ "Malaysia Act 1963 (Chapter 35)" (PDF). The National Archives. United Kingdom legislation. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 14 November 2012. Diambi 12 August 2011.
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "Key Findings Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020". Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Diambi 20 August 2022.[permanent dead link]
  12. ↑ Helmer Aslaksen (28 June 2012). "Time Zones in Malaysia". Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore. Diarkib ari asal on 21 May 2016. Diambi 21 May 2016.
  13. ↑ "Postal codes in Sabah". cybo.com. Diarkib ari asal on 17 August 2016. Diambi 12 July 2016.
  14. ↑ "Postal codes in Semporna". cybo.com. Diarkib ari asal on 17 August 2016. Diambi 12 July 2016.
  15. ↑ "Area codes in Sabah". cybo.com. Diarkib ari asal on 17 August 2016. Diambi 12 July 2016.
  16. ↑ Teh Wei Soon (23 March 2015). "Some Little Known Facts On Malaysian Vehicle Registration Plates". Malaysian Digest. Diarkib ari asal ba 8 July 2015. Diambi 12 July 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  17. ↑ "Subnational Human Development Index (2.1) [Sabah – Malaysia]". Global Data Lab of Institute for Management Research, Radboud University. Diambi 12 November 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 DOSM. "Department of Statistics Malaysia". www.dosm.gov.my. Diambi 2023-09-11.
  19. ↑ MOHD NOOR A. RAHMAN (22 Januari 2024). "Sabah di bawah bayu mula rasa ribut pilihan raya". Berita Harian SG. Diambi 2 Julai 2024. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |month=, |accessyear=, |accessmonthday=, and |coauthors= (help)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "OwnCloud::DOSM". Diarkib ari asal on 18 April 2022.
  21. ↑ Julia Chan (13 February 2015). "Sabah lists 42 ethnic groups to replace 'lain-lain' race column". The Malay Mail. Diarkib ari asal on 1 June 2016. Diambi 1 June 2016.
  22. ↑ Patricia Regis; Anne Lasimbang; Rita Lasimbang; J. W. King. "Introduction to Integration of Indigenous Culture into Non-Formal Education Programmes in Sabah" (PDF). Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Development, Partners of Community Organisations (PACOS), Kadazandusun Language Foundation and Summer Institute of Linguistics, Malaysia Branch, Sabah. Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (Japan). Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 28 August 2016. Diambi 28 August 2016.
  23. ↑ Sina Frank (May 2006). "Project Mahathir: 'Extraordinary' Population Growth in Sabah (The History of Illegal Immigration to Sabah)" (PDF). Im Fokus. German Institute of Global and Area Studies. pp. 72 and 73/2 and 3. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 6 November 2014. Diambi 6 November 2014.
  24. ↑ Alexander Horstmann; Reed L. Wadley† (2006). Centering the Margin: Agency and Narrative in Southeast Asian Borderlands. Berghahn Books. pp. 149–. ISBN 978-0-85745-439-3.
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named GDP
  26. ↑ "Sabah's Unrelenting Exclusionary and Inclusionary Politics" (PDF). S. Rajaratham School of International Studies Singapore. Diambi 6 November 2021.
  27. ↑ "Sabah's brain drain 'serious' | Daily Express Online – Sabah's Leading News Portal". Dailyexpress.com.my. 11 July 2019.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri Asas Demografi". Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Diambi 25 April 2020.
  29. ↑ Yew-Foong Hui (2013). Encountering Islam: The Politics of Religious Identities in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-981-4379-92-2.
  30. ↑ "Sabah, Sarawak leaders urge Malaysians to reject PAS's Syariah law Bill". The Straits Times. 7 May 2017. Diarkib ari asal on 19 February 2018. Diambi 19 February 2018.
  31. ↑ Report on the Census of Population Taken on 10th August, 1960. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1962.
  32. ↑ Report on the Census of Population Taken on 10th August, 1960. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1962.
  33. ↑ Carlo Caldarola (1982). Religion and Societies: Asia and the Middle East. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-082353-0.
  34. ↑ Faisal H. Hazis (2015). "Patronage, Power and Prowess: Barisan Nasional's Equilibrium Dominance in East Malaysia" (PDF). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia. pp. 15/24. Diarkib ari asal (PDF) on 19 June 2016. Diambi 19 June 2016.
  35. ↑ Yew-Foong Hui (2013). Encountering Islam: The Politics of Religious Identities in Southeast Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 169–170. ISBN 978-981-4379-92-2.
  36. ↑ "Colony of North Borneo, Annual Report 1960" (PDF). Seadelt.net. Diambi 8 January 2022.
  37. ↑ Suraya Sintang (2003). "PENGANUTAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN KRISTIAN DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT KADAZANDUSUN DI SABAH". Journal of Usuluddin. Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya. 18: 59, 65. ISSN 1394-3723.
  38. ↑ Crossette, Barbara (5 October 1987). "Kota Kinabalu Journal; Moslem Cause Celebre: A Good Christian Burial". The New York Times.
  39. ↑ Yong Leng Lee (1965). North Borneo (Sabah): A Study in Settlement Geography. Eastern Universities Press.
  40. ↑ Asmah Haji Omar (2015). Languages in the Malaysian Education System: Monolingual Strands in Multilingual Settings. Routledge. pp. 53–. ISBN 978-1-317-36421-4.
  41. ↑ JKL Wong (2012). "The Sabah Malay Dialect: A Phonological Study of The Urban Dialect of Kota Kinabalu City" (PDF). University of Malaya. p. 7/11. Diambi 25 June 2016.
  42. ↑ Herman Scholz (2003). "Languages of Sabah". Flying Dusun. Diarkib ari asal on 25 June 2016. Diambi 25 June 2016.
  43. ↑ "The KadazanDusun language dilemma". Daily Express. 1 October 2017. Diarkib ari asal on 14 March 2022. Diambi 14 March 2022.
  44. ↑ "Native Tongues in Decline But All is Not Lost". Borneo Today. 20 June 2020. Diarkib ari asal on 14 March 2022. Diambi 14 March 2022.
  45. ↑ Supramani, Shivani (20 June 2020). "Danger of minority languages going extinct". The Sun (Malaysia). Diarkib ari asal on 14 March 2022. Diambi 14 March 2022.
  46. ↑ Delai Zhang (2002). The Hakkas of Sabah: A Survey of Their Impact on the Modernization of the Bornean Malaysian State. Sabah Theological Seminary. ISBN 978-983-40840-0-4.
  47. ↑ "Cannot stop Sabah using English: CM". Daily Express. 11 September 2018. Diarkib ari asal on 21 September 2018. Diambi 21 September 2018.

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