Wp/tzm/ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ

< Wp | tzm
Wp > tzm > ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ
ⵜⴰⴽⵔⵟⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ.
ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴰⵀⴰⴳⴳⴰⵔ.
Tuaregs.
ⴳⵉⵣⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵎⵉⵚⵔⴰ.

ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ

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ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵔⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⴼⵕⵏⵙⵉⵙⵜ: Sahara) ⴷ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵜⵣⴳⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵉ 8 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⵓⵥⵏ. ⴰⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⵟⵟⴼ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⴳⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵜ ⵜⴰⴱⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙⵉ ⴰⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵣⵡⵡⴰⵖ. ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵜⵉ ⴷ ⵎⵕⵕⵓⴽ, ⴰⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ, ⵍⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ, ⵜⵓⵏⵙ, ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵚⵔ, ⵙⵓⴷⴰⵏ, ⵜⵛⴰⴷ, ⵏⵉⵊⵉⵔ, ⵎⴰⵍⵉ ⴰⴽⴽⴷ ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵟⴰⵏⵢⴰ. ⴰⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵢⴽⴽⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵍⵉⵃ (ⴰⵍⴰ 100 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵉⵍⵉⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⵏⵥⴰⵔ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⴽⴽⴰⵜⵏ ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ), ⴷⵖⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵢⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵜ-ⵢⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵚⵍⵉⵃⵏ ⵉ ⵜⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵜ. ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ-ⵏⵏⵙ ⵣⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴼⵓⵍⵍⵃⵏ ⴰⵍⴰ ⵛⵡⵉⵟ-ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵢⵣⵣⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵉⵎⴷⵡⵏ (ⵓⴰⵙⵉⵙ), ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵖⵍⵍⵉⵜⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⴷⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵉ. ⴰⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵏⵉⵍ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵣⴳⵔⵏ ⴰⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ. ⵜⴰⵍⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⴷ ⵡⴳⵎⵓⴹ (ⵛⵛⵔⵇ) ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ, ⵢⵛⵛⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵉⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴱⵓⵔⴽⴰⵏⵏ (ⴰⵀⴰⴳⴳⴰⵕ, ⴰⵢⵔ ⴷ ⵢⴷⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴱⵙⵜⵉ). ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ (ⵏⵓⵔⴷ) ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵢⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵊⴷⵉ (ⴰⵔⴳ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ) ⴷ ⵢⵉⵣ ⵓⵖⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⵛⵛⵓⵕⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵥⵔⵓ. ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ. ⵣⵉⴽ, ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ-ⵙⵏ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴽⵙⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⵙⵙⵓⴽⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵙⵙ-ⴰ, ⵜⵏⵇⵙ ⵜⴽⵙⵙⴰⵡⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ-ⴰ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵔⴽⴷⵏ. ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵓⵔⵉ (ⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⵔⵉ) ⵉⵛⴰⵄⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⵓⴼⴼⵖ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵉⵜⵕⵓⵍ ⴷ ⵍⴳⴰⵣ.

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

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ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵖⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⵔⵙⵉⵡⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⴷ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵙⵇⴷⵛⵏ ⵢⵎⴷⴰⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵣⵉⴽ ⴰⵢ ⴷ-ⵓⴼⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴰⵢⴰ ⵢⵙⵙⴽⴰⵏⴰⵢ-ⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ-ⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡⵜ ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵊⵊⵓⵊⵊⴳ ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴰⵔⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴳⵍⵙ (ⴰⵏⵜⵉⵇⵓⵉⵜⵥ), ⴰⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⴱⴷⴰ ⵢⵜⵜⴽⴰⵡ. ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ-ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ, ⵏⴰⵇⴰⵍ, ⴽⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵢⵙⴰⵏ (ⵉⵄⵓⴷⵉⵡⵏ), ⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵙⵉⵡⵏ-ⴰ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⴽⵙⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵖⵎⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵍⵇⵔⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵇⴱⵍ ⵙⵉⴷⵏⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵍⵇⵔⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ 7 ⵙⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵙⵉⴷⵏⴰ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ, ⴷ ⴰⵙⴰⵡⵏ, ⴱⴷⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⵏⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴽⵛⵛⵎⵏ-ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⵛⵎⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ-ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ. ⴷⴳ ⵍⵇⵔⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ 19, ⵉⴼⵕⵏⵙⵉⵙⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⵛⵡⵉⵟ, ⵛⵡⵉⵟ, ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ, ⵢⵔⵏⴰ ⴷⴳ 1894, ⵓⵡⴹⵏ ⴰⵔⵎⴰ ⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵟⵉⵎⴱⵓⴽⵜⵓ (ⴷⴳ ⵎⴰⵍⵉ). ⴷⴳ 1884, ⵉⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎ. ⴷⴳ 1911-1912, ⵉⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳⴰⵔ 1951 ⴷ 1976, ⴰⴽⴽ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵥⵔⵓⴼ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴼⴼⵖⵏⵜ-ⵜⵏⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵜⵓⵕⵓⴼⵉⵢⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ

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  ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ
  ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ
  ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ
  ⴱⵓⵔⴽⵉⵏⴰⴼⴰⵚⵓ
  ⵜⵓⵏⵙ
  Niger
  Mali
  Mauritania
  Misra