Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi pushakka (2 yaku killapi 1869 watapi - 30 kamay killapi 1948 watapi), shuk India mamallakta runakunapa hatun pushakmi karka. Payka paypa mamallaktata Inglaterramanta kishpichiyman pusharka. Payka yuyayka Ama makay nishkaka. Paypa runakunaka payta Mahatma (Sanskrit shimipi hatun yuyay) nirkami.
1869-1915 :India mamallaktamanta, Uran Africa mamallaktaman
editPayka Porbandar llaktapimi wacharirka, 1883 watapi, 13 watata charikpika, payka Kasturbai Makhanji kuytsawan sawarirka : chay pachapi, paypak taytakunaka, kuytsapak taytakunawan chayta kamarka. Paywan pichka wawakunata charirka (1885 watamanta, 1900 wataman), paykunamanta shuk churika llullu wawa kakpika wañurka.
1888 watamanta, 1891 wataman, payka London llaktapi (Inglaterra mamallaktapi) kawsarka : chaypi, payka abogado kankapak yachakurka. Kashna kutin llankankapak India llaktaman shamurka, shinapash 1893 watapi Uran Africa mamallaktaman rirka, Dada Abdulla & Co. llankay wasipi llankankapak. Payka chay mamallaktapi 21 watakunata kawsarka, chaypi Indiamanta runakunapa hayñikunata charinkapak wakarka. Chaypakka payka makanakuyta illak katariykunata kayarka, 1906 watapi chay katariykunata kamachikka awkakkunawan tukukrichirka, shinapash tawka runakunaka chayta nallichu nishpaka wakarka, chaymanta Uran Africa kamachikpa pushak Jan Christiaan Smuts Ghandi tiyuwan rimanakunami karka, ashtawan hayñikunata karanami karka. Uran Africapi, chay pachapi, payka killkarka yana runakunaka yurak runakunata Indiamanta runakunatapash asha allimi kan, chaymanta wakin runakunaka nin payka racistami karka. 1915 watapi, payka kutin India mamallaktamanta tikramurka.
1915-1948 : India mamallaktapak kishpichiy
editKutin India mamallaktapi kakpika, 1918 watapi, Gandhi tiyuka wakcha runakunaka ama ashtawan impuestoskunata kamachikman karanata kankapak mashikunawan wakakun, chaymanta wikchana wasi churashkami karka. Chay pacha kipa, paypak runakunaka payta Bapu (Tayta) icha Mahatma (hatun yuyay) shutimi kararkan. 1921 watamanta, payka Tukuy India mamallaktapa tantanakuy (Indian National Congress) partidupa hatun pushakmi kan, tukuy mamallaktapi katariykunakta puriykunatapash hayñikunamanta kayan. 1930 watapi, payka mashikunawan ama kachipi diezmoskunata tiyankapak shuk hatun kachi puray kayana. 1942 watapi, payka nirka India runakunaka mana ishkayniki kapak makanakuypi makanata munan, paykunaka Inglaterramanta kishpi kawsanata munan. Chaymanta apukkunaka payta wichkana wasipi churarka, ishkay watata chaypi katirka, shinapash 1944 watapi payka unkukpika, kamachikka payta ama wichkay wasipi wañunkapa llukshinata sakirka. 15 chakmay killapi 1947 watapi Inglaterra mamallaktapa kamachikka ñami India mamallaktata kishpichirka, chay mamallaktamanta ishkay mushuk mamallaktakuna llukshirka : India mamallaktaka ashtawan Hindu runakunawan, Pakistan mamallaktatapashmi ashtawan Islam iñiyuk runakunawan. Chaymanta, gandhi llakirka, payka shuklla mamallaktata munarka. Paypa mashi Jawaharlal Nehru pushakka India mamallaktapa pushak tukuchirirka.
30 kamay killapi 1948 watapi, Nathuram Godse tiyuka payta wañuchirka. Paypa uchpakunaka tukuy India mamallaktapi shuk mamallaktakunapipash chawpichishka samakun.
Maymanta surkushka
edit- Tukuy chay imakunaka Inlish shimipi wikipidiyamanta surkushkami kan.