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w:WP:STUB ꠁ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠛꠧ ꠇꠥꠠꠤ ꠞꠂꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠈꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠃꠑꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠀꠞꠝ꠆ꠛ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠁꠟꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠇꠥꠠꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠙꠣꠔꠣꠁꠘ ꠖꠦꠈꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠁ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠇꠥꠘꠔꠣ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠕꠣꠇ꠆ꠟꠦ ꠟꠇ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠟꠦꠈꠤꠀ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠧ ꠛꠟꠣꠁꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕

ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞꠤ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ

ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ
ꠎꠦ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠞlanguage family
ꠔꠟꠞIndo-Iranian, South Asian languages
P1343Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6
P1482https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/tags/indo-aryan
P527Dardic, Northern Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Indo-Aryan, Central Indo-Aryan, Eastern Indo-Aryan, Southern Indo-Aryan, Insular Indo-Aryan, Chinali–Lahul, Badeshi
ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠔ ꠍꠛꠤꠘIndo-Aryan languages
P1424Template:Indo-Aryan languages
ꠁ ꠐꠙꠤꠇꠞ ꠀꠡꠟ ꠙꠖCategory:Indo-Aryan languages
ꠀꠁꠄꠌꠅ 639-2 ꠇꠥꠒinc
P1798inc
ꠛꠤꠄꠘꠄꠙ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ12649408b
ꠎꠤꠄꠘꠒꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ4133531-4
ꠁꠎꠞꠣꠁꠟꠤ ꠎꠣꠔꠤꠅ ꠟꠣꠁꠛ꠆ꠛꠦꠞꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ987007548214005171
P244sh85065695
P1368000164315

ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ

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ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠅ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠝꠣꠔꠇꠕꠣꠞ ꠔꠚꠣꠔ

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ꠢꠇꠟ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠅ-ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠅꠞ ꠟꠞꠣꠢꠥꠘꠣꠞꠇꠟ ꠄꠇ꠆ꠟꠉꠦ ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠁꠀ ꠖꠦꠈꠣ

ꠜꠣꠅꠄꠟꠣꠁꠘ

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ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
ld /iː i eː e ɨː ɨ əː ə aː a ɔː ɔ oː o uː u/ ꠇꠣꠡ꠆ꠝꠤꠞꠤ
lb /ɪ iː ʊ uː e eː ə~ɐ əː o oː æ~ɛ a aː ɔ/ ꠝꠘꠤꠙꠥꠞꠤ
l৩ /iː i eː e æː æ aː a ə oː o uː u/ ꠡꠤꠋꠅꠟ
l0 /i ɪ e ɛ · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠘ꠆ꠎꠣꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠤꠘ꠆ꠗꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠌ꠆ꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠞꠣꠎꠤꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ
9 /i ɪ e æ~ɛ · a ə · o ʊ u/ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠒꠥꠉ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠞꠥꠗꠣꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠋꠅꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠈꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠥꠞꠣꠁ) ꠨ ꠡꠣꠞꠣꠁꠇꠤ
/i ɪ e · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠡꠖꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠥꠞꠈꠥꠟꠤ)
/i ɪ e ɛ · a · ɔo ʊ u/ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠎꠘꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠢꠥꠟꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠥꠁ)
8 /i e ɛ · a ə · ɔo u/ ꠉꠥꠎ꠆ꠞꠣꠐꠤ
/i e ɛ a · ɒ ɔ o u/ ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ
/i ɪ e · a ə · o ʊ u/ ꠢꠣꠟ꠆ꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠜꠣꠐ꠆ꠐꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠉꠠꠀꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠣꠝꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠉꠣꠖ꠆ꠖꠤ)
V /i e æ · a · ɔo u/ ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ
d /i e a · ɔo u/ ꠅꠠꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠘꠥꠙꠥꠞꠤ
/i e · a ə · o u/ ꠝꠣꠞꠣꠑꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠟꠣꠝ꠆ꠛꠣꠖꠤ ꠨ ꠍꠣꠗ꠆ꠞꠤ
☽ /i e · a · o u/ ꠞꠥꠝꠣꠘꠤ (ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ)
/i e · a · ɔ u/ ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ

ꠘꠣꠇꠥꠀ

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Nasals Languages
/m/ !! /n/ !! /ɳ/ !! /ɲ/ !! /ŋ/
          Dogri, Kacchi, Kalasha, Rudhari, Shina, Saurashtri, Sindhi, Saraiki
      || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || Sinhala
        || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || Nepali,[1] Kalami, Odia, Dhundhari, Pashayi, Marwari
          || Dhivehi[2]
        || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Gujarati, Hindi, Kashmiri, Marathi, Punjabi, Rajasthani (Marwari)
      || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
      || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Urdu, Romani, Domari

ꠇꠘꠌꠘꠦꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠁꠘ

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Stops Languages
/p/ !! /t̪/ !! /ʈ/ ~ /t/ !! /ʈ͡ʂ/ !! /t͡ʃ/ ~ /t͡ɕ/ !! /t͡s/ !! /k/ !! /q/
                Khowar, Shina, Bashkarik, Kalasha
                || Gawarbati, Phalura, Shumashti, Kanyawali, Pashai
        || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Marathi, Konkani, certain W. Pahari dialects (Bhadrawahi, Bhalesi, Mandeali, Padari, Simla, Satlej, maybe Kulu), Kashmiri, E. and N. dialects of Bengali (parts of Dhaka, Mymensingh, Rajshahi)
        || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Hindustani, Punjabi, Dogri, Sindhi, Gujarati, Sinhala, Odia, Standard Bengali, dialects of Rajasthani (except Lamani, NW. Marwari, S. Mewari), Sanskrit,[3] Prakrit, Pali, Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri
    || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Romani, Domari, Kholosi
        || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Nepali, dialects of Rajasthani (Lamani and NW. Marwari), Northern Lahnda's Kagani, Kumauni, many West Pahari dialects (not Chamba Mandeali, Jaunsari, or Sirmauri)
        || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Rajasthani's S. Mewari
    || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Assamese
  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || Chittagonian
  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="Yes" style="background: #DFD; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-yes2" |  || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || data-sort-value="No" style="background: #FFE3E3; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-no2" |   || ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ

 

  1. ↑ Only some speakers have a /ɳ/
  2. ↑ Unclear status of /ɲ/
  3. ↑ In Sanskrit, probably /cɕ/ is a more correct representation. Sometimes, only for representation, /c/ is also used.
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