Wp/rif/ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴻⴷ ⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵍⵅⵟⵟⴰⴱⵉ

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Wp > rif > ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴻⴷ ⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵍⵅⵟⵟⴰⴱⵉ

ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⵏ ⵄⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⴽⵔⵉⵎ ⵍⵅⵟⵟⴰⴱⵉ ⵏⵉⵖ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ,ⴷ ⴰⵏⵣⴱⴰⵢ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ,ⴷ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⵣⵉ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ , ⴷ ⴰⵙⵍⵡⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ ⵊⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1921 ⴷ 1926, ⵉⵎⵏⵖ ⴰⴳ ⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍ ⴷ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ,ⴳ-ⵉⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵣⵎ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ ⴳ-ⵉⵏⵜⴷ-ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵊⴰⵀⴷⵏ,ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵢⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⴷ-ⵍⵅⴰⵍⵉⴼⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ

Muḥend n Âabd Krim Lxeṭṭabi

ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ

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ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵉⵖⵔⵎ ⵏ ⵓⵊⴷⵉⵔ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1882 ,ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵅ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵎⴻⵍ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴻⵍ ⵏ ⵙⴼⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵛⵔⴰⵟⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⴼⴰⵙ. ⵉⴷⵡⵍ ⵖⴰⵔ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴷ-ⴰⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⵙⴳ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵓⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⴷ ⵍⴻⵄⵣⵉⵣ ⵉⵡⵙⵉⵙⴼⵉⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴳ ⴱⵓ ⵜⵖⵢⵓⵍⵜ (ⴱⵓ ⵃⵎⴰⵔⴰ) ⵉⵖⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴷ-ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴷⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵓ

ⴰⵙⴱⴷⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ

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ⵉⵙⴱⴷ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⴷⴻⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1921 ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⵔⵉⵜ ⵙ ⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵍⴱⵔⵍⴰⵎⴰⵏ. ⵓⵎⵉ ⴳⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵅ ⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍ . ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵊⴷⵉⵔ ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵔⵉⴼⴰⵏ . ⵜⴰⴼⵓⴳⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⵙⵙ ⵏ 18 ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ . ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵙⴻⵎⵎⴰⵏⴰⵙ ⵊⵓⵎⵀⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ ⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴰ ⵎⴰ ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴷⵎⴻⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵏ ⵙⵒⵏⵢⵓⵍ,ⵔⴰⵏ-ⵜ ⴷ-ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ (ⵉⵙⵎ) ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴰⵔⵉⴼ

ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ

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ⴷⴻⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1926 ⴰⵔ 1947 ⵉⵜⵡⴰⵏⴼⴰ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵍⴰ ⵖⵓⵏⵢⵓ , ⴰⵣⴰⵍ ⵏ 9000 ⴽⵎ ⴰⴽⴽⵉⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵀⵉⵏⴷⵉ, ⵉⵙⵓⵜⵔ ⵛⵃⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴰⵍ--- ,ⴰⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵉ

ⵜⴰⵎⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ

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ⵉⵎⵓⵜ ⵎⵓⵍⴰⵢ ⵎⵓⵃⵏⴷ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ (ⵎⵉⵚⵕⴰ) 6 ⴱⵔⴰⵢⵔ 1963,ⵉⵏⴹⵕ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴹⵕ ⵏ ⵛⵓⵀⴰⴷⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵇⴰⵀⵉⵕⴰ