Blaise Compaoré (roga yʋʋmde 1951 wao-fugdg kiuugu dahama tãabo ) a ya Burkinabé la Ivorian politik kʋdgo a leb da ya Burkina Faso perzidã yʋʋmde 1987 hal n tɩ tãag ni yʋʋmde 2014.Blaise Compaoré dag ya ned ninga n pẽ a Thomas Sankara n dag ya pipi perzidã Burkina wã,[1]
| Sex or gender | male  |
|---|---|
| Country of citizenship | Republic of Upper Volta, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast |
| Name in native language | Blaise Compaoré |
| Given name | Blaise |
| Family name | Compaoré |
| Date of birth | 3 February 1951 |
| Place of birth | Ouagadougou |
| Spouse | Chantal Compaoré |
| Languages spoken, written or signed | Mooré, French |
| Convicted of | murder |
| Occupation | politician, statesperson |
| Position held | chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity, President of Burkina Faso |
| Member of political party | Congress for Democracy and Progress, Union of Burkinabé Communists, Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement |
| Candidacy in election | 2010 Burkinabé presidential election, 1991 Burkinabè presidential election, 1998 Burkinabé presidential election, 2005 Burkinabé presidential election |
| Religion or worldview | Catholicism |
| Military or police rank | captain |
| Conflict | First Liberian Civil War |
| Member of | Académie des sciences d'outre-mer |
| Award received | National Order of Burkina Faso, National Order of Merit |
Tʋɩɩsgo
A Blaise Compaoré (tõnd sẽn dog yʋʋmd 1951 tʋʋlg rasem 3 wã)[2] yaa Burkina-Ivori politik soab sẽn yaa Burkina Faso tẽnga taoor soab a yiib-n-soabã sẽn zĩnd yʋʋm 1987 n tãag yʋʋmd 2014. A yɩɩ pipi tẽnga taoor soab, a Thomas Sankara zoa yʋʋm 1980 wã pʋgẽ, la yʋʋm 1987 kiuugã pʋgẽ, a maana mog-n-taar n kɩt tɩ b kʋ a Sankara. Rẽ poore, a sɩngame n kɩt tɩ "vɩɩm-vɩɩm" politikã, n kɩt tɩ a Sankara sẽn da get a sẽn get a sẽn pa rat n maan bũmb ning n kõ a nug-rɩtgã la a tãabã wã lebg n lebg n lebg politikã. A tõog n yãk n yɩ Burkĩna tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 1991, 1998, 2005 la 2010 yʋʋmdã pʋgẽ.[3]
Sɩng a tʋʋmdã
A Compaoré rogame yʋʋmd 1951 tʋʋlg rasem 3 yʋʋm-vẽk kiuugã, Ziniaré, Upper Volta tẽnga pʋgẽ. A ba wã ra yaa sodaas sẽn da be sodaas zĩigẽ. A ra zãmsda katolik lekoll a Fada N'gourma, n yaool n kẽng a Lice wã sẽn be Ouagadougou. A ma ki tao-tao a sẽn da tar yʋʋm 15 n wa ne a ba wã kũumã yʋʋm wʋsgo. A Compaore wa n lebga a Thomas Sankara zakã rãmb zoa. A ba a Joseph ra maanda a sẽn yaa a biiga. B sẽn dig a Compaorée n yiis a Lice- wã poore, a paama sodaas zãmsg sẽn yaa tɩlae. A sẽn wa n be a tʋʋmdã pʋgẽ, a yãka yam n na n kẽng sodaas roogẽ, n kẽng a Yaoundé sodaas roog sẽn be Kameroonã pʋgẽ. A zĩnda be n bãng a Henri Zumane la a Soumane la a sodaas sull taoor soab a Soumane. A sẽn waa n baas yʋʋmd 1974 Agacher tãbgã ne a Volta wã zabrã poore, a tʋma a Compaore tʋʋlg n kẽng Mali wã. A zĩnda Mali soolmã[4]
A Compaoré maana tʋʋm-kãseng a Saye Zerbo la a Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo sẽn maan wẽnemã pʋgẽ.
A Sankara taoor-sobend sẽn zĩnd yʋʋmd 1983 n tãag 1987, a Compaoré yɩɩ a poorẽ soaba, la a yaa Nasyonal Révolutionnaire Council ned. A yɩɩ tẽnga minisr a taoor-sobenegã pʋgẽ, la a wa n yɩɩ tẽnga minisɛɛr sẽn get tɩrlmã.[5]
Politk tuuma
A Compaoré kẽnga a naamã yʋʋmd 1983 la yʋʋmd 1987 wã, a sẽn deeg a yiib-n-soabã Sankara naamã poore. A paama Burkina Faso tẽnga taoor soab n yãk-a yʋʋmd 1991 wã, n yãk-ba, tɩ b kɩɩs a meng n yaool n lebg n yãk-b yʋʋmd 1998, 2005 la 2010 wã.[6]
1983 coup
A Compaoré sẽn da tar yʋʋm 33 wã, a maana puugd a ye, n kɩt tɩ b yiis a Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo t'a lebg tẽnga soaal yʋʋmd 1983 t'a wa lebg tẽnga soaala.[7] La Libi wã ra deegda puugd-kãng, sẽn da yaa a sẽn da be zabrã nugẽ ne Frans sẽn be Tchad wã. [2] Sẽn kẽed-b n be be be wã yaa Kapitɛn Henri Zongo, Major Jean-Bapptiste Boukary Lingani la Kapitɛn Thomas Sankara sẽn da yaa karismatik soabã.
Yʋʋmd 1985 yʋʋm-soabg kiuugã, a Compaoré sẽn zab ne Mali wã, a rɩka Burkĩna sodaasã naam tɩ b pʋɩ-tẽe neb sull-rãmb pʋsẽ, n zab ne Mali tãnsã.[8]
1987 coup
A Compaoré rɩka naam yʋʋmd 1987 zĩ-likr kiuug rasem 15 wã, a Sankara sẽn maan puugrã pʋgẽ.[9] A sẽn wa n wa n wa ne a Frans la a Ivory Coast wã, a sẽn wa n sãam a zoodã, yaa rẽ n kɩt t'a maan puugã. A Compaore yeelame tɩ a Sankara kʋʋrã yaa 'kẽngre', la b pa tol n vaees a yɛlã ye.[10] A wa n wa lebg prezida, a kɩtame tɩ Sankara politikã wʋsg lebg n leb poorẽ, n yeel tɩ yẽ sẽn maan politikã yaa Burkina Faso soogre.
A sɩngame n dɩ naam ne Henri Zongo la a Jean-Baptiste Boukary Lingani. Yʋʋmd 1989 kiuugã, b yõka bãmb b yiibã, n dõd-b tɩ b maana lagem-n-taar n na n kʋ a naamã. B kaoo-b bʋʋdo la b kʋ-b lame.[11]
A pipi n'a 1990 yʋʋma
Yʋʋmd 1987 kiuugã pʋgẽ, Compaore ne neb a taab wʋsg sigla siglgã sẽn boond tɩ People's Front, sẽn tikd komuniismã la maksiismã la leninizmã. [1] A pʋlemame tɩ b na n kell n maana a sẽn da pʋlem a Thomas Sankara t'a na n maan bũmb ning la a sẽn na n maan a sẽn na yɩl n tõog n maan bũmb ningã. [1]
A Compaore sẽn da mi t'a rat n deeg a Burkina Faso nebã sõngre, a rɩka a Thomas Sankara politikã n na n kell n tall a naamã. [1] Yʋʋmd 1989 bõn-bɩʋʋng kiuugã pʋgẽ, a Compaore sẽn da wa n lebg n wa Azi wã, a wʋma neb sẽn da rat n sãam a Compaorẽ goosneema wã. B yõka neb nins sẽn maan b zabgã daar kãng menga. Rẽ kɩtame t'a Compaoré lebg n sigl a Burkina tengã goosneema.
Yʋʋmd 1990 wã, Compaore kɩtame tɩ b maan demokrasiya reforms sẽn yaa bilf bala.
Yʋʋmd 1991 tʋʋlg kiuugã pʋgẽ, Compaore wilgame tɩ Burkina Faso na n yãka yam n na n tũu b sẽn na n yãk-a wã.
Yʋʋmd 1990 wã, Compaore kɩtame tɩ b maan demokrasiya reforms sẽn yaa bilf bala. mos_Latnmos_Latnmos_Latn be be be Yʋʋmd 1991 tʋʋlg kiuugã pʋgẽ, Compaore wilgame tɩ Burkina Faso na n yãka yam n na n tũu b sẽn na n yãk-a wã.
A Compaoré yaa Burkina Faso tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 1991 wã, tɩ b yãk-a n na n maan n wilg tɩ b pa segd n maan a raabã. B sẽn zãgs n pa kẽes b toog wã yaa b sẽn da maand n wilg tɩ b pa mi bũmb ning sẽn pa zems ne Compaoré sẽn da tũnug ne n wa rɩt a naamã. Neb nins sẽn da yãk-a wã sʋka, bãmb 25 bal n yãk-a lame. Rẽ poore, yʋʋmd 1998 wã, b leb n yãka a Compaore tɩ yɩ prezida.
Yʋʋmd 1998-1999 sʋka, Burkina Faso tẽnga pʋgẽ, b maana zabr n wilg tɩ b pa segd n maan bũmb sẽn na yɩl tɩ b maan b zu-loeesã ye. Tẽngã gill zugu, b maana maand-yoob wʋsgo, b yɛɛsdame, b maand mog-n-taar, b maand maand-togs la b maand maand maand-n-taase. Rẽ sãama neb wʋsg sũuri. Neb wʋsg sẽn maand maand maandã sãama goosneema-rãmbã paoong bɩ b roogã. Yaa bũmb nins sẽn da yaa toog wʋsg ne a Compaore la a siglgã wakatẽ wã. [1]
1991 la 1998 elections
A Compaoré yaa Burkina Faso tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 1991 soabã, tɩ b yãk-a n yɩ Burkina Faso tẽnga naab n maan n wilg tɩ b pa rat n yãk a meng ye. A Compaore sẽn da yaa politikã taoor soaba, a wilgame t'a rat n maan n na n maan a meng taoor n na n yãk a naamã. A Compasorẽ wã taoor dãmb ra pa tõe n yãk a soab n na n wa maan a naamã ye.[12]
Yʋʋmd 1998 wã, b leb n yãka a Compaoré t'a wa maan politikã, la a pa rat n maan politikã ye. A Compaorée poorẽ dãmb kɩɩsame, n yeel tɩ b pa tõe n tũ a sẽn yãk a naamã yʋʋm a yopoe wã n na n wa maan a naamã yʋʋm 2005 wã.
A Compaoré poorẽ dãmba kɩɩsame tɩ b pa tõe n tũ rẽ n wa wa wa wa lebg n wa tũ a meng ye. La yʋʋmd 2005 zĩndi, b yeelame tɩ b pa na n tõog n yãk a Compaorée tɩ yɩ a taoor soab ye.[13]
A 2000 yʋʋm-ramba tʋʋma
A Compaore sakame tɩ b tigim taab ne ONU nin-buiidã sẽn get b yell n na n yiis b naasgã, a sẽn wa n deeg tɩ b ra yetame t'a yẽ ne a goosneema wã kẽeda zab-teed sẽn kẽed ne zab-n-taas nins sẽn be Sierra Leone la Angola wã. Vẽk sẽn deng rẽ, a Blaise Compaore yãa Germany, France ne European Union sull ning sẽn na n yã-a wã. B goma b sẽn da tagsd tɩ Burkina Faso wã kɩɩsda b sẽn da kõ-b sodaasã la b sẽn da kẽes b toog ne b tãb-biisã wã.
Yʋʋmd 2003 wã, b yõka neb wʋsg sẽn da yet tɩ b yaa b sẽn maan wẽnem-n-taar ne Compaoré. Yʋʋmd 2004 na-kẽembeoogã pʋgẽ, b bʋʋda kaoose. Neb wʋsg tigma taab bʋʋdã zĩigẽ n pẽg b sẽn maan-bã. [1]
Yʋʋmd 2005 tʋʋlg kiuugã, a wilgame t'a ratame n maan prezidaal n yãk a meng n na n yɩ taoor soaba. Sẽn yaa beemdã politikã neb n get tɩ yaa b sẽn pa sak n tũ ne lalg ning b sẽn toeemd yʋʋmd 2000 wã yĩnga. Tõogã sẽn toeemã kɩtame tɩ yaa wakat a yiib bal la a yaa yʋʋm a yopoe la a nu.
A Compaoré poorẽ dãmb kɩɩsame, n yeel tɩ b pa tõe n tũ b sẽn da rat n toeemã ye,[27] la yʋʋmd 2005 kiuugã pʋgẽ, siglgã taoor lʋɩtb sull yeelame tɩ b sẽn da wa n yãk a Compaoré t'a yɩ tẽnga taoor soab yʋʋmd 2000 wã, tɩ b ra na n toeema sɛb nins sẽn da yaa sɛb nins a sẽn da tũ n kõ wã, b pa na n toeeme tɩ b tõog n kõ-a-la sɛb nins b sẽn toeeme tɩ tãag a yiib-n-soabã wakatã saabã ye. Rẽ kɩtame t'a tõog n wilg a meng n yãk a meng n yɩ politikã taoor yʋʋm 2005 wã.
Yʋʋmd 2005 noobare 13 soabã, a Compaoré leb n lebg n yaa tẽnga taoor soaba, a sẽn tõog n zab ne neb 12 sẽn da zabd ne-a wã. A paama vot wʋsg sẽn yɩɩd a 80:35. Baa ne sɛbã 16 sẽn da be be zab-teedã sẽn wilg tɩ b na n sigla taab n na n yiis a Compaoré wã, b ra pa tõog n maan woto ye. Yaa rẽ yĩng tɩ taoor dãmb nins sẽn da be be wã pa rat n bas b zĩiga n kõ ned a to sẽn na n lʋɩt taoor b lagemtaara pʋgẽ ye.
A Compaoré sẽn tõog n wa n na n yɩɩ sodaas a ye wã poore, a wẽename tɩ b na n le tʋm a tʋʋmdã yʋʋmd 2005 yʋʋm-sar kiuug rasem 20 wã. [1]
Yʋʋmd 2008 wã, b maana maand wʋsg n wilg tɩ b pa segd n bas b mens tɩ b ra wa maan b tʋʋmã ye. A Compaore sẽn leok woto wã, a kɩtame tɩ b yiisd zu-loees nins b sẽn da yiisd koomã la elektrã wã yʋʋm a pʋɩ-sʋk n kaood sorã. [1]
Spanish bãens rãmbã ligda yaoode
Yʋʋmd 2009 noob kiuugã pʋgẽ, b yõka Spain tʋʋm-tʋmdb a yiib sẽn sõngd nebã. B maana raag n na n yãg neb nins sẽn yõka b rãmbã. Sẽn deng b sẽn na n yiis bi-beesã, yaa rasem a ye bala, b sẽn wa n yõk-b n kẽes-b bãensã roogẽ wã, a Ould Sid Ahmed Ould Hama zoe me n kẽng Mali tɩ b yaool n yã-a n kẽes-a bãens pʋge yʋʋm piig la yiibu. B wa n bangame tɩ a Blaise Compaore n yao yao yaoogã, la b tall bãensã n kẽng Burkĩna Faso tẽnga tẽnga gãdo, la b kõ-b-la telefõon ramba. B sẽn da kẽes b yõorẽ wã pʋʋs-b-la barka b sẽn yao yao yaoogã yĩnga. [1]
A naamã yʋʋma baasgo
A Compaoré wilgame tɩ yaa senatɛɛr a ye n na n zĩnd n naan paam a nin 89 n paas senatɛɛr dãmb a 29 sẽn na n yãk-b tɩ yaa a meng n yãk-ba, tɩ sẽn ketã me yãk-b lame. [1]
2005 election
Yʋʋmd 2005 noobare 13 soabã, a Compaore lebg n lebg n yaa tẽnga taoor soaba, n tõog n zab ne neb 12 sẽn da zabd ne-a wã, la a paam n deeg sõssã pis-naas 80. A Compaoré sẽn tõog n wa n na n yɩɩ sodaasã, a rɩka pʋlem n na n zĩnd yʋʋm 2005 yʋʋm kiuug rasem 20 wã.[14]
2011 zaba
Yʋʋmd 2011 na-kẽng kiuug rasem 14 wã, b wilgame tɩ Compaore zoe n yi tẽnga pʋga, Ouagadougou n kẽng a tẽng sẽn boond t'a Ziniare, a sẽn wa n wa n wa ne sodaas sẽn da maand sɩbgr b sẽn da pa yaoodã yĩnga.[15] B sẽn maan woto wã kɩtame tɩ b kẽng tẽnga taoor lʋɩtbã roogẽ la sodaas a taab roogẽ.[16] Zĩ-nagã, b ra gomda zab-teed sẽn zĩnd tẽnga taoor lʋɩtã roogẽ, la b yã tɩ b yãenda ko-kẽnd sẽn yi zĩigã.
2014 zaba
Yʋʋmd 2014 sigr kiuugã, Compaoré sull sẽn yaa a siglgã taoor lʋɩtb sull sẽn boond t'a Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) kosa-a t'a maan referendum sẽn na yɩl n toeem siglgã n tõog n lebg n yãk a naamã yʋʋmd 2015. Sã n ka rẽ, a na n basa a naamã wakat sẽn loog n loog yĩnga.[17]
Yʋʋmd 2014 zĩ-likr kiuug rasem 30 wã, b ra segd n goma siglgã sɛb sẽn na n kɩt tɩ Compaoré tõog n lebg n yɩ tẽnga taoor soaba yʋʋmd 2015 wã zugu. B sẽn da zab ne rẽ wã, b sẽn wa n kẽe ne tẽnga taoor dãmb a Zeova Kaset rãmbã tigisgã pʋgẽ wã, b yõogame, la b yõog b tʋʋm-kãsemsã. BBC wilgame tɩ bugum sẽn be zĩigã ra yita.[18] Tʋʋmdã taoor soab sẽn yaa taoor soab a Pargui Emile Paré sẽn yaa Burkina Faso tẽnga taoor soab n wilg tɩ yaa "Burkina Faso sẽn yaa zĩ-bil sẽn yaa wa Arab kiuugã".[19]
A Compaore sẽn wa n wa n na n maan bũmb ning fãa, a basa b sẽn da rat n maan b rĩungã, a kɩtame tɩ b yiis a goosneema wã, a yeel tɩ b na n wa maan bũmb ning sẽn pa segdã, la a yeel tɩ a na n tʋm ne goosneema-kãsengã n welg yellã.
A Compaoré wilgame t'a basa a prezidaalã, la t'a "paab sẽn ka tar pãng" bee be. A leb n boolame tɩ b yãk-a "tɩrse la b yɩ yɩlemde" rasem 90 pʋgẽ. A Yacouba Isaac Zida sẽn yaa prezidaal gũudã taoor soaba, n wa rɩ naam n yɩ tẽnga taoor soaba. B wilgame tɩ b ra tẽedame tɩ Compaorée sẽn tar zab-teed wʋsg n kẽnd n kẽng Po wã sẽn be zĩ-gõorã.
Vẽk poore, a Jeune Afrique publisga sõsg a Compaore sẽn da kõ-a wã pʋgẽ, a yeelame tɩ 'pog-n-taaga wʋsg ra tʋmd ne sodaasã' n na n maan a zabgã, la tɩ 'tũudã na n wilga tõnd b sã n yaa sɩda.' A paasame t'a pa na n dat tɩ b bɛɛg sẽn yaa wẽng n yɩɩd a taabã zĩnd Zida zĩigẽ ye.
Yaa a Roch Marc Christian Kaboré n yɩ tẽnga taoor soab sẽn zĩnd a tʋʋmdã pʋgẽ yʋʋm 2015 yʋʋm-sar kiuug rasem 29 soabã.
Liberian Tenga zaba
A Compaoré wilga a Charles Taylor a zoa a Muammar Gaddafi. A Compaore sõngame me t'a Taylor tʋm sodaasã la bũmb nins a sẽn da tarã n kõ-a wã yʋʋmd 1990 wã sɩngrẽ.[20][21]
Tẽns ne tẽngr tʋʋm
Yʋʋmd 1993 wã, Compaoré yaa Burkina-Faso tẽnga taoor soaba. A rɩka a naam n zĩnd Tokyo tẽn-tẽngã taoor n wilg b sẽn na n maan Afrɩka yiri.[22]
A Compaoré zĩnda zĩ-gɛt sẽn be tẽng-n-tẽnga yɛlẽ wã.[2] Yʋʋmd 2006 tʋʋlg kiuug rasem 26 daarã, b yãka a t'a yɩ zĩ-gɩtgo-rãmb sõsg ning sẽn zĩnd Ouagadougou yʋʋmd 2006 tʋʋl kiuugã pʋgẽ wã, la a wa n wa n maana zems-n-taar ne goosneema wã la sẽn kɩɩsdbã. A leb n yɩɩ zĩ-gẽedg-n-taag Ivory Coast wã pʋgẽ, n maan laafɩ zems-n‐taag ning sẽn da be Ivory Coast tẽnga taoor soab a Laurent Gbagbo ne nin-soabã a Guillaume Soro sẽn sig a Ouagadougu yʋʋmd 2007 tʋʋlg rasem 4 daarã. Yʋʋmd 2012 tʋʋlg zugẽ, a yɩɩ zĩ-go-n-dãmb sẽn zĩnd Mali tẽnga sobg taoor dãmb ne tẽns a taab sʋka.
Yʋʋmd 2014 wã, BBC wilgame t'a yaa "Fãrens la Etazĩni sull sẽn yaa pãng n yɩɩd tẽns a taab zĩiga" la t'a "maana a sẽn deegd b sẽn zabd ne b sẽn be Afirik Wɛtgã pʋga zabrã... sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd yaa a sẽn tũnug ne a netbã n sõng tẽns nins sẽn be Zapẽ wã sẽn zabd n zabd ne a Islamismã sẽn be Sahel soolmẽ wã".
Yʋʋmd 2016 soabã pʋgẽ, tẽnga sobg-kãsengã ra yaa sodaas zab-teedã pʋgẽ. Dʋgdbã ra tara soob-dãmb la taabl tẽn-tẽngã pʋgẽ, n tũud zems-n-taar ne a Campaoré sẽn pa maand b sẽn da na n maan bũmb ningã. Rẽ kɩtame tɩ sodaas nins sẽn get a prezida wã gũudbã paam ligd wʋsgo, tɩ sodaas rãmbã yaool n wa n wa n yalem n pa tõe n maan sodaas wẽnem ye.
A zĩnda tẽn-tẽngã sẽn boond tɩ International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) wã sull sẽn get b yellã pʋgẽ.
Sebtiise
- ↑ https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/3501/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/215080.stm
- ↑ Peterson, Brian (2021). Thomas Sankara: A Revolutionary in Cold War Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1984/09/02/world/around-the-world-new-cabinet-named-in-bourkina-fasso.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20130813150939/http://presidence.bf/page.php?sid=8
- ↑ http://www.blnz.com/news/2010/11/23/Burkina_Faso_opposition_claims_election_75e0.html
- ↑ The date of the 194th anniversary of the Abolition of Feudal Privileges in France may have been chosen for symbolic purposes, but there is no evidence of this.
- ↑ https://www.jeuneafrique.com/288381/politique/il-y-a-quarante-ans-eclatait-la-guerre-de-noel-entre-le-mali-et-le-burkina/
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/30/burkina-faso
- ↑ http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/8d3fe6b44a5f39bdc1257172005150ec?Opendocument
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20200827012208/http://www.bookrags.com/tandf/burkina-faso-independence-to-the-tf/
- ↑ https://www.amazon.com/2015-2016-Stryker-Francis-Wiafe-Amoako-2015-08-20/dp/B01JXP75HI
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20020605220610/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2834.htm
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170206195805/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/barbados
- ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/2011/04/110415_update_burkino_faso.shtml
- ↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-16/burkina-faso-president-dissolves-government-as-soldiers-rampage.html
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20200220023939/https://www.enca.com/burkina-faso-ruling-party-calls-referendum-term-limits
- ↑ https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-29831262
- ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/30/protesters-storm-burkina-faso-parliament-constitution-vote-president-blaise-compaore
- ↑ Liberia's civil war: Nigeria, ECOMOG, and regional security in West Africa. Adekeye Adebajo p. 55
- ↑ A dirty war in West Africa: the RUF and the destruction of Sierra Leone, Volume 2005, Part 2. Lansana Gberie p. 53
- ↑ http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/africa/ticad/list/africa.html