Wp/mag/बख्तियार खिलजी
इख्तियार अल-दीन मुहम्मद बख्तियार खिलजी, जेकरा बख्तियार खिलजी के नामो से जानल जा हे,[1][2] गोरी शासक मुहम्मद गोरके[3] तुर्क-अफगान[4][5] सैन्य जनरल हल, जे बङ्गालके पूर्वी भारतीय क्षेत्र आउ बिहारके कुछ भाग पर मुस्लिम विजयके नेतृत्व कैलक आउ अपनाके उनकर शासक स्थापित कैलक ।[6][7][8][9] ऊ बङ्गालके खिलजी वंशके संस्थापक हल, जे 1203 से 1227 ई तक थोड़ा समय लागि बङ्गाल पर शासन कैलक हल ।
1197 आउ 1206 ई के बीच भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप पर खिलजीके आक्रमणके कारण बड़ पैमाना पर लोग पलायन कर गेलन आउ भिक्षु सबके नरसंहार होल, तथा उत्तरभारतमे उच्चशिक्षाके पारम्परिक बौद्ध संस्थान सबके नुकसान पहुँचल ।[10] बङ्गालमे खिलजीके शासनकालमे बौद्धधर्मके खात्मा होल । महायान बौद्धधर्मके शिक्षाके प्रमुख केन्द्र नालन्दा हल । १२मा शताब्दीके अन्तमे बख्तियार खिलजी मठके बर्बरतापूर्वक ध्वस्त कर देलक । किन्तु कुछ इतिहासकार एकरासे सहमत न हथिन आउ तर्क दे हथिन कि बख्तियारके हमला बौद्ध विहार पर न हल, तथा वास्तविक बौद्ध स्थल पहिलहीँसे परित्यक्त हल या क्षीण अवस्थामे हल ।[11]
ऐसन कहल जा हे कि ओकर शासन बङ्गालमे मुस्लिम शासनके आरम्भ कैलक, विशेष रूपसे बङ्गाल सल्तनत आउ मुगल बङ्गालके ।[12]
बख्तियार १२०६ मे एक दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण तिब्बत अभियान आरम्भ कैलक आउ बङ्गाल लौटे पर ओकर हत्या कर देल गेल । ओकर बाद मुहम्मद शिरान खिलजी शासन सम्भारलक ।
सन्दर्भ
edit- ↑ Faruqui, Munis D. (2005). "Review of The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576)". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 36 (1): 246–248. JSTOR 20477310. आइ॰एस॰एस॰एन॰ 0361-0160. डीओआइ:10.2307/20477310.
Hussain argues ... was actually named Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji and not the broadly used Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji
- ↑ Hussain, Syed Ejaz (2003). The Bengal Sultanate: Politics, Economy and Coins (AD 1205–1576). New Delhi: Manohar. प॰ 27. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 9788173044823.
- ↑ Turkish History and Culture in India: Identity, Art and Transregional Connections. BRILL. 17 August 2020. प॰ 237. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 978-90-04-43736-4.
- ↑ Know Your State West Bengal. Arihant Experts. 2019. प॰ 15.
Turk-Afghan Rule: Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khilji's invasion to Bengal marked the advent of Turk-Afghan rule in Bengal.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526). प॰ 226.
Although the Afghans formed a large group in the army of the Delhi Sultanat, only few Afghan nobles had been accorded important positions. That is why Bakhtiyar Khalji who was part - Afghan had to seek his fortune in Bihar and Bengal.
- ↑ Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. पप॰ 1–2. OCLC 1031074.
Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.
- ↑ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1986) [First published 1979]. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. I (2nd संस्करण). Sterling Publishers. पप॰ 81–82. OCLC 883279992. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 978-81-207-0617-0.
The Turkish arms penetrated into Bihar and Bengal through the enterprising efforts of Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji ... he started plundering raids into Bihar and, within four or five years, occupied a large part of it ... Nadia was sacked by the Turks and a few districts of Bengal (Malda, Dinajpur, Murshidabad and Birbhum) were occupied by them ... Bathtiyar Khalji could not retain his hold over Nadia and made Lakhnauti or Gaur as his capital.
- ↑ Thakur, Amrendra Kumar (1992). India and the Afghans: A study of a neglected region, 1370–1576 A.D. Janaki Prakashan. प॰ 148. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 9788185078687.
- ↑ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH. प॰ 59. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 9788176484695.
- ↑ Scharfe, Hartmut (2002). Handbook of Oriental Studies. BRILL. प॰ 150. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 90-04-12556-6.
Nalanda, together with the colleges at Vikramasila and Odantapuri, suffered gravely during the conquest of Bihar by the Muslim general Muhammad Bhakhtiyar Khalji between A.D. 1197 and 1206, and many monks were killed or forced to flee.
- ↑ Salam, Ziya Us (2024-07-18). "Of a gilded past and the future: Nalanda's lost glory and new-found ambitions". The Hindu. आइ॰एस॰एस॰एन॰ 0971-751X. अभिगमन तिथि 2024-07-18.
- ↑ Eaton, Richard Maxwell (1996). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. University of California Press. पप॰ 28–34. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰एन॰ 9780520205079.