Basa Dari joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Persia Afghanistan di nagara Afghanistan rik Iran, say bufungsi sabagay lingua franca bagi jutaan masyarakat Afghanistan.[1][2][3][4] Di sumber-sumber Barat ija tikonal sabagay Parsiya Afghanistan atawa Parsiya Darak.[5][6][7][8][9] Dari joda da basa resmi bagi 35 juta rakyat Afghanistan[10][11][12]
Gambar | |
| Nagara |  Afghanistan
|
| Pok | Asia Hulu |
| Jumlah Panutur | 35 juta jiwa |
| Sistim Panulisan | Arab |
| Status | Lokok tipakai |
| Etnis | Jolma Persia ? |
| Dialek | Badakhshi |
| Kaluwarga Bahasa | 1. Indo-Eropa 2. Indo-Iran 3. Bahasa Persia 4. Bahasa Dari |
| Bahasa say Tikahik | Persia, Tajik |
Huruf
Basa Parsiya Iran rik Persia Dari di Afghanistan makay Abjad Arab-Persia, sodongko Bahasa Tajik titulis makay Alfabet Sirilik. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik Huruf Arab say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan.
| # | Golar Persia |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Transliterasi | IPA | Unicode | Bontuk kontekstual | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Posay | ||||||
| 0 | همزه
|
hamze | ʾ
|
Glottal stop ʔ | U+0621 | – | – | – | ء
|
| U+0623 | ـأ
|
أ
| |||||||
| U+0626 | ـئ
|
ـئـ
|
ئـ
|
ئ
| |||||
| U+0624 | ـؤ
|
ؤ
| |||||||
| 1 | الف
|
ʾalef
|
â
|
ɒ | U+0627 | ـا
|
ا
| ||
| 2 | ب
|
be
|
b
|
b | U+0628 | ـب
|
ـبـ
|
بـ
|
ب
|
| 3 | پ
|
pe
|
p
|
p | U+067E | ـپ
|
ـپـ
|
پـ
|
پ
|
| 4 | ت
|
te
|
t
|
t | U+062A | ـت
|
ـتـ
|
تـ
|
ت
|
| 5 | ث
|
s̱e
|
s̱
|
s | U+062B | ـث
|
ـثـ
|
ثـ
|
ث
|
| 6 | جیم
|
jim
|
j
|
d͡ʒ | U+062C | ـج
|
ـجـ
|
جـ
|
ج
|
| 7 | چ
|
če
|
č
|
t͡ʃ | U+0686 | ـچ
|
ـچـ
|
چـ
|
چ
|
| 8 | ح
|
ḥe
ḥâ-ye ḥotti ḥâ-ye jimi
|
ḥ
|
h | U+062D | ـح
|
ـحـ
|
حـ
|
ح
|
| 9 | خ
|
xe
|
x
|
x | U+062E | ـخ
|
ـخـ
|
خـ
|
خ
|
| 10 | دال
|
dâl
|
d
|
d | U+062F | ـد
|
د
| ||
| 11 | ذال
|
ẕâl
|
ẕ
|
z | U+0630 | ـذ
|
ذ
| ||
| 12 | ر
|
re
|
r
|
r | U+0631 | ـر
|
ر
| ||
| 13 | ز
|
ze
|
z
|
z | U+0632 | ـز
|
ز
| ||
| 14 | ژ
|
že
|
ž
|
ʒ | U+0698 | ـژ
|
ژ
| ||
| 15 | سین
|
sin
|
s
|
s | U+0633 | ـس
|
ـسـ
|
سـ
|
س
|
| 16 | شین
|
šin
|
š
|
ʃ | U+0634 | ـش
|
ـشـ
|
شـ
|
ش
|
| 17 | صاد
|
ṣâd
|
ṣ
|
s | U+0635 | ـص
|
ـصـ
|
صـ
|
ص
|
| 18 | ضاد
|
zâd
|
ż
|
z | U+0636 | ـض
|
ـضـ
|
ضـ
|
ض
|
| 19 | طا
|
tâ
|
t
|
t | U+0637 | ـط
|
ـطـ
|
طـ
|
ط
|
| 20 | ظا
|
ẓâ
|
ẓ
|
z | U+0638 | ـظ
|
ـظـ
|
ظـ
|
ظ
|
| 21 | عین
|
ʿayn
|
ʿ
|
ʔ
, æ /a |
U+0639 | ـع
|
ـعـ
|
عـ
|
ع
|
| 22 | غین
|
ġayn
|
ġ
|
ɢ
, ɣ |
U+063A | ـغ
|
ـغـ
|
غـ
|
غ
|
| 23 | ف
|
fe
|
f
|
f | U+0641 | ـف
|
ـفـ
|
فـ
|
ف
|
| 24 | قاف
|
qâf
|
q
|
q | U+0642 | ـق
|
ـقـ
|
قـ
|
ق
|
| 25 | کاف
|
kâf
|
k
|
k | U+06A9 | ـک
|
ـکـ
|
کـ
|
ک
|
| 26 | گاف
|
gâf
|
g
|
ɡ | U+06AF | ـگ
|
ـگـ
|
گـ
|
گ
|
| 27 | لام
|
lâm
|
l
|
l | U+0644 | ـل
|
ـلـ
|
لـ
|
ل
|
| 28 | میم
|
mim
|
m
|
m | U+0645 | ـم
|
ـمـ
|
مـ
|
م
|
| 29 | نون
|
nun
|
n
|
n | U+0646 | ـن
|
ـنـ
|
نـ
|
ن
|
| 30 | واو
|
vâv
(Farsi) |
v
ū ow o
|
uː
|
U+0648 | ـو
|
و
| ||
| wâw
(Dari) |
w
ū aw ō
|
uː
| |||||||
| 31 | ه
|
he
hā-ye havvaz hā-ye do-češm
|
h
|
h
atawa e rik a (uncuk kata) |
U+0647 | ـه
|
ـهـ
|
هـ
|
ه
|
| 32 | ی
|
ye
|
y
ī á ay ē munih dilom Dari |
j
i ɒː [aj ] eː dilom Dari |
U+06CC | ـی
|
ـیـ
|
یـ
|
ی
|
| Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | ڤ
|
ـڤ
|
ـڤـ
|
ڤـ
|
βe |
Variasi
| ی ه و ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا ء | ||
 |
• | Noto Nastaliq Urdu |
| • | Scheherazade | |
| • | Lateef | |
| • | Noto Naskh Arabic | |
| • | Markazi Text | |
| • | Noto Sans Arabic | |
| • | Baloo Bhaijaan | |
| • | El Messiri SemiBold | |
| • | Lemonada Medium | |
| • | Changa Medium | |
| • | Mada | |
| • | Noto Kufi Arabic | |
| • | Reem Kufi | |
| • | Lalezar | |
| • | Jomhuria | |
| • | Rakkas | |
| The alphabet in 16 fonts: Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas. | ||
Konstruksi huruf
| Bontuk (i) | Posay | ء
|
ا
|
ى
|
ں
|
ٮ
|
ح
|
س
|
ص
|
ط
|
ع
|
ڡ
|
ٯ
|
ک
|
ل
|
م
|
د
|
ر
|
و
|
ه
| ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pangkal | ء
|
ا
|
ٮـ
|
حـ
|
سـ
|
صـ
|
طـ
|
عـ
|
ڡـ
|
کـ
|
لـ
|
مـ
|
د
|
ر
|
و
|
هـ
| ||||||
| Tongah | ء
|
ـا
|
ـٮـ
|
ـحـ
|
ـسـ
|
ـصـ
|
ـطـ
|
ـعـ
|
ـڡـ
|
ـکـ
|
ـلـ
|
ـمـ
|
ـد
|
ـر
|
ـو
|
ـهـ
| ||||||
| Uncuk | ء
|
ـا
|
ـى
|
ـں
|
ـٮ
|
ـح
|
ـس
|
ـص
|
ـط
|
ـع
|
ـڡ
|
ـٯ
|
ـک
|
ـل
|
ـم
|
ـد
|
ـر
|
ـو
|
ـه
| |||
| i'jam (i) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 066E .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 06A1 .. | 066F .. | 066F .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648. .. | 0647 .. | |||
| 1 titik di bah | ﮳
|
ب
|
ج
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB3. | 0628 .. | 062C .. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1 titik dinggak | ﮲
|
ن
|
خ
|
ض
|
ظ
|
غ
|
ف
|
ذ
|
ز
|
|||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB2. | 0646 .. | 062E .. | 0636 .. | 0638 .. | 063A .. | 0641 .. | 0630 .. | 0632 .. | |||||||||||||
| 2 titik di bah (ii) | ﮵
|
ی
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB5. | 06CC .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 titik dinggak | ﮴
|
ت
|
ق
|
ة
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB4. | 062A .. | 0642 .. | 0629 .. | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3 titik di bah | ﮹
|
پ
|
چ
|
|||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB9. FBB7. | 067E .. | 0686 .. | |||||||||||||||||||
| 3 titik dinggak | ﮶
|
ث
|
ش
|
ژ
|
||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | FBB6. | 062B .. | 0634.. | 0698 .. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Garis dinggak | ‾
|
گ
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | 203E. | 06AF .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Makka | ء
|
ا
|
ی
|
ں
|
ح
|
س
|
ص
|
ط
|
ع
|
ک
|
ل
|
م
|
د
|
ر
|
و
|
ه
| ||||||
| Unicode | 0621 .. | 0627 .. | 0649 .. | 06BA .. | 062D .. | 0633 .. | 0635 .. | 0637 .. | 0639 .. | 066F .. | 0644 .. | 0645 .. | 062F .. | 0631 .. | 0648. .. | 0647 .. | ||||||
| Madda dinggak | ۤ
|
آ
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | 06E4. 0653. | 0622 .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hamzah di bah | ــٕـ
|
إ
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | 0655. | 0625 .. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hamza dinggak | ــٔـ
|
أ
|
ئ
|
ؤ
|
ۀ
| |||||||||||||||||
| Unicode | 0674. 0654. | 0623 .. | 0626 .. | 0624 .. | 06C0 .. | |||||||||||||||||
| Vokal Buntak (tulisan vokal ponuh) |
Golar Persia |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Trans.(a) | Nilay (b)
(Farsi/Dari) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 064E ◌َ
|
زبر (فتحه)
|
zebar
zibar
|
a
|
æ | a |
| 0650 ◌ِ
|
زیر (کسره)
|
zer
zir
|
e
|
e | ɪ
|
| 064F ◌ُ
|
پیش (ضمّه)
|
peš
piš
|
o
|
o | ʊ |
Tanwin
| Nunasi (tulisan vokal ponuh) |
Golar (Persia) |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
Catatan |
|---|---|---|---|
| 064B َاً، ـاً، ءً
|
تنوین نَصْبْ
|
Tanvine nasb
|
|
| 064D ٍِ
|
تنوین جَرّ
|
Tanvine jarr
|
Mak kala tipakay dilom Bahasa Parsiya.
Tiajarko khusus dilom agama Islam untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis Al-Qur'an education. |
| 064C ٌ
|
تنوین رَفْعْ
|
Tanvine rafʿ
|
Tasydid=
| Simbul | Golar (Persia) |
Golar (Transliterasi) |
|---|---|---|
| 0651 ّ
|
تشدید | tašdid
|
Huruf Tambahan
| Bunyi | Pocak | Golar | Kode Poin Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|
| p | پ
|
pe
|
U+067E |
| t͡ʃ
(ch) |
چ
|
če
|
U+0686 |
| ʒ
(zh) |
ژ
|
že
|
U+0698 |
| ɡ | گ
|
gâf
|
U+06AF |
| Golar | Pangucapan | IPA | Unicode | Uncuk | Tongah | Pangkal | Posay | Catatan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| alef madde
|
â
|
ɒ | U+0622 | ـآ
|
— | آ
|
آ
|
The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary alef. |
| he ye
|
-eye
atawa -eyeh
|
[eje] | U+06C0 | ـۀ
|
— | — | ۀ
|
Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter ـه‌ی
or ه‌ی
combinations instead. |
| lām alef
|
lā
|
[lɒ]
|
U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) | ـلا
|
— | — | لا
|
|
| kašida
|
U+0640 | — | ـ
|
— | — | This is the medial character which connects other characters |
Angka
| Golar | Persia | Unicode | Arab | Unicode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | ۰ | U+06F0 | ٠ | U+0660 |
| 1 | ۱ | U+06F1 | ١ | U+0661 |
| 2 | ۲ | U+06F2 | ٢ | U+0662 |
| 3 | ۳ | U+06F3 | ٣ | U+0663 |
| 4 | ۴ | U+06F4 | ٤ | U+0664 |
| 5 | ۵ | U+06F5 | ٥ | U+0665 |
| 6 | ۶ | U+06F6 | ٦ | U+0666 |
| 7 | ۷ | U+06F7 | ٧ | U+0667 |
| 8 | ۸ | U+06F8 | ٨ | U+0668 |
| 9 | ۹ | U+06F9 | ٩ | U+0669 |
| ye | ی | U+06CC | ي [14] | U+064A |
| kāf | ک | U+06A9 | ك | U+0643 |
| Angka Arab Lawok | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Angka Arab Darak | ٠ | ١ | ٢ | ٣ | ٤
|
٥ | ٦ | ٧ | ٨ | ٩
|
١٠
|
| Persia[15] | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴
|
۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹
|
۱۰
|
| Urdu[16] | ۰ | ۱ | ۲ | ۳ | ۴
|
۵ | ۶ | ۷ | ۸ | ۹
|
۱۰
|
| Angka Abjad | – | ا | ب | ج | د | ه
|
و | ز | ح | ط | ي
|
Huruf Tambahan
| Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah-tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | پ | ـپ | ـپـ | پـ | pe |
| /tʃ/ | چ | ـچ | ـچـ | چـ | če (che) |
| /ʒ/ | ژ | ـژ | ـژ | ژ | že (zhe atawa jhe) |
| /ɡ/ | گ | ـگ | ـگـ | گـ | ge (gāf) |
| Bunyi | Posay | Uncuk | Tongah-tongah | Pangkal | Golar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /β/ | ڤ | ـڤ | ـڤـ | ڤـ | βe |
Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia
| Huruf Gaya Arab | Huruf Gaya Parsiya | Golar |
|---|---|---|
| ك | ک | ke (kāf) |
| ي | ی | ye |
Cuntuh Tulisan
UDHR pasal 1
تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.
Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.
Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.
Liyak Munih
Rujukan
- ↑ Afghan Folktales from Herat: Persian Texts in Transcription and Translation (2009) Cambria Press ISBN 978-1-60497-652-6
- ↑ 11 books afghanistandl.nyu.edu, lokok aktif
- ↑ Lazard, G. "Darī – The New Persian Literary Language ", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2006.
- ↑ Tajikam Portal - Secret documents Reveal Afghan Language Policy tajikam.com lokok aktif
- ↑ Airgram Farsi to Dari 1964 Embassy Kabul to USA lokok aktif
- ↑ Afghanistan (2010) Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook mak aktif lagi
- ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: prs SIL International (2010) lokok aktif
- ↑ Afghanistan's Persian Linguistic Identity The Diplomat
dilom Bahasa Inggris Amerika rik lokok aktifPersian speakers in the country say 'the term Dari has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghans from their cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to the Persian-speaking world
- ↑ Kāboli Encyclopaedia Iranica
lokok aktif rik dilom Bahasa Inggris AmerikaPersian in Afghanistan is generally called fārsi by Persian-speakers and pārsi in Pashto. The standard written Persian of Afghanistan has officially been called Dari since 1964; apart from a few basics of vocabulary, however (and more Indo-Persian calligraphic styles in the Perso-Arabic script), there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and of Iran. The term "Dari" is often loosely used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers (poetry, speeches, newscasts, and other broadcast announcements).
- ↑ Central Intelligence Agency South Asia :: Afghanistan The World Factbook lokok aktif
- ↑ LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History International and Area Studies Library, guides.library.illinois.edu lokok aktif
- ↑ Nile Green Afghanistan in Ink: Literature Between Diaspora and Nation Nushin Arbabzadah, Hurst, ISBN 978-1-84904-204-8 hal 13 dilom Bahasa Inggris
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' not found.
- ↑ However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the Nile Valley, similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
- ↑ U+06F0 through U+06F9. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.
- ↑ Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' not found.