Andurọidi ìre òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi okpọk-etip ubọk [mobile operating system] eyi Gugulu ebọpbe. Ebọp ọmọ inyi ebi kè okwukwut ekitoto ubọk me isi [touchscreen devices] kire okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu mè okpọk uwelelek [tablets]. Okwukwut andurọid ìre okwukwut geelek òkisa òkpulu-ikwaan̄ ekigwen Andurọid irọ esese chieen̄ ikwaan̄ ibôrọ. Òkpulu-ikwaan̄ okijeen̄ okwukwut ike iborọ inu mè iyaka ikikpulu si ubọk ibosa irọ ema.
Gugulu mîbọp si òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi okop-ogugo andurọid (òrere Android TV), eyi ujijọn̄ (òrere Android Auto) mè eyi ebi kè okwukwut ebekọt itap me lek ene (egwenbe Wear OS). Otutuuk kiban̄ mîkaan̄ okwut-isi [interface] òkekem mèlek ikwaan̄ kiban̄ ge ge. Andurọid echi enwenebe m̀bọp [programming] kiban̄ sonja ọmacha me emen okwukwut ifit-nsa [gaming consoles], omọnọ-ogugo eyi ikikemege [digital camera], ọkpọkpọ okop-ifuk [PC] mè ebi kè ofifi okwukwut elekitirọn [electronics].
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Usem m̀bọp [programming language] esabe ibọp andurọid ìre Java, C (sìi), C++ (sìi pulọs pulọs) mè ebi kè ofifi usem. Esa Java ibọp okwut-isi kan̄, mè isa C iteme ike ibokirọ inu. Iman̄ m̀bọp [source code] andurọid ìkup me eferife / ichichili ibook; ene geelek môkọt ibọkọ itap me okop-ifuk kan̄ isa ibọp ekwu.
Adasi mgbọ esan̄abe Andurọid isibi ìre me akọp usen iba mè ita me emen onyan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008. Ebi ìkakaan̄ ekwu mè ìre òkpulu-ikwaan̄ andurọid me okwukwut kiban̄ isibebọkọ ayaya ekwu eyi mgburudun̄ [i.e. update software], ekinan̄a isi me olik-etip [go online].
Gugulu ebọkọ andurọid ilep me ubọk "Android Inc." me acha 2005, mè inichili ijeen̄ [unveil] me acha 2007, mè isan̄a adasi okwukwut andurọid isibi me emen Onyaan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008.
Me emen okwukwut geelek Òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andurọid okupbe me emen, ìboje mèlek ebi kè ekwu andurọid. Ekitatap echa ibia me emen okwukwut andurọid geelek. Ekwu cha ere: "Gmail" (òkidia etip me iimeen), "Google Play" (akpatan̄ òkibeme ebi kè ekwu andurọid), "Google Chrome" (òwọlọ-òlik ekisa iweek inu me olik-etip), mè "Google Search" (ekwu ekisa iweek inu me olik-etip).
Andurọid ore òkpulu-ikwaan̄ òjeje ewe ichit me otutuuk linyọn̄ me okpọk-etip oriọọn̄-inu akarake acha 2011; mè me okpọk uwelelek akarake 2013. Me emen Onyan̄ Mêe me acha 2017, otu-ifuk ebi ene ikisa andurọid irọ inu me onyan̄ me onyan̄ mîraka ego ene iba [2 billion], òsisibi ibe ke ọmọ ore òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi ebi ene ìbọbọkọ itap me okwukwut kiban̄ ewabe ichit. Me Disemba 2018, "Google Play" (akpatan̄ òkibeme ebi kè ekwu andurọid) ìbeme ekwu òwawa iraka efie iba mè okpọkọ gweregwen [over 2.6 efie].
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"Android Inc.", uwu-mbubek idadasi ibene Andurọid, ìchili me Palo Alto me Kalifọnia me emen Onyan̄ Ọkitoba me acha 2003. Ebi ìchichili mbubek ya ìre "Andy Rubin, Rick Miner, Nick Sears mè Chris White." Rubin ìtumu ibe ke Andurọid ìre "ifkpele inu òbokọt itap ubọk inyi ibọbọp ebi kè okwukwut ubọk èrọriọọn̄ inu igak, mè ikifuk ibot isi me lek ere ogwukaan̄ okupbe mè inu îweekbe." [tremendous potential in developing smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences"]. Adasi otitọt ebi uwu-mbubek ya ìre ibọbọp usọ okpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi òmọnọ-ògugo ikikemege [advanced OS for digital cameras]. Eya ore ibot ikọ ema etumube inyi ebi ibetap ikpoko me lek mbubek kiban̄ me acha 2004. Ire, mije ebi ìkisa òmọnọ-ògugo irọ ikwaan̄ kpewa iso otitọt ile kiban̄ yi, uwu-mbubek ya enenitumu ifieek ibe ke ema meninwene ikana inin̄ me isasa òkpulu-ikwaan̄ andurọid ikibọp okpọk-etip òbotitim me lek echi "Symbian" mè "Windows."
Îkayọt Rubin imumun̄ ebi ibetap ikpoko me lek mbubek ya me adasi mgbọ, inenisik sọntiik ebikaan̄ ere isasan̄a ebi "Android Inc" me ere ema ekisa irọ mbubek. "Steve Perlman," ata unene kè Rubin onenisa akọp obop dọlà ($10 000) me emen ikpa ibọp-etip [envelope] ijet ọmọ mè iniria ofifi ikpoko kpebak otu-ifuk me olik ijet kire ikpoko ibene-ewe [seed funding]. Perlman îjit igọgọọk ire ge me lek ebikaan̄ mbubek ya, mè itumu ibe "emi ǹrọ inu ya mije nkaan̄be ichechieek me lek mbubek ya, ǹyaka iweek si itatap ubọk inyi Andy."
Me acha 2005, ebi Gugulu mînibọkọ uwu-mbubek "Android Inc." ilep me otui-fuk ikpoko ikasipge igak akọp efie dọlà go ($50 efie). "Rubin, Miner mè White" ebi ikwaan̄ uwu-mbubek ya enenikana ebi ikwaan̄ Gugulu igọọk me lek mgbaan̄-nchieek ema erọbe mgbọ enyambe mbubek ya. Me emen mgbọ ya, ebi ene kperiọọn̄ owuwa inu ifolek Andurọid mije kpetumu owuwa ikọ ifolek igak ibebe ke ema emekibọp ekwu eyi okpọk-etip ubọk. Rubin onenisak ebi ikwaan̄ oniin̄ inyi ebọp òkpulu-ikwaan̄ eyi okpọk-etip ubọk eyi òrere Adurọid. Gugulu onenikinyam ekwu ya ikinyi ebi ìkibọp okpọk-etip ubọk mè ebi <Mobile Network Operators> mè ichieek ema use ibe ke môkup mfufet ebibi inwenwene ekwu òkukup me emen okpọk-etip ebibi ebọpbe mè ikana itap ayaya ekwu mgbọ geelek Gugulu osan̄abe ayaya ekwu isibi.
Adasi okpọk-etip òsasa Andurọid irọ ikwaan̄ ìre eyi ekigwen "HTC Dream". Îkaan̄ uwot-nge ekikekeme me lek; kpòkokaan̄ isi ekichak ubọk. Ire, me mgbọ Apulu esan̄abe okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu kiban̄ egwenbe "iPhone", ebi Andurọid egwugwu ikom ifo agwut-ntọt kiban̄. Gugulu oneninwene ikpa <specification> kiban̄ ke Andurọid môbeme si okpọk-etip echi ekichak ubọk me isi, ire, ke eya ikaborọ inyi ema esan̄a ichip ekikeme enan̄a me lek. Me acha 2008, "Nokia" mè "Blackberry" enyinyi ulook ibe ke ema mîsan̄a okpọk-etip òriọọn̄-inu òkaan̄ isi ekichak ubọk; ke ìbonitim me lek "iPhone 3G" eyi ebi Apulu esan̄abe isibi ya. Mgbọ ya ke Gugulu enirọ inyi òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andurọid inigwuun̄ chieen̄ me lek isi ekichak ubọk gaalek. Adasi okpọk-etip òkisa ekwu andurọid ikpulu ikwaan̄ kan̄ ìre "HTC Dream" eriọọn̄be si kire "T-Mobile G1." Enyi ulook kan̄ me akọp usen iba me emen Onyan̄ Sepitemba me acha 2008.
Akarake acha 2008, òkpulu-ikwaan̄ Andurọid îkpọk ikinwene; mîkpọk ikitap ayaya inu isọkọ me lek mè ikinen̄e inu isun̄ inyi ikpọk inwọn igak eyi adasi mgbọ. Ayaya ekwu andurọid geelek òsisibi, ekigwen ema erieen̄ ibak ebi kè utop inorie ekisabe ikwala inorie igwook me owot [deserts]. Ekinyi ema erieen̄ cha si igọọk me abichi [alphabet] usem Uket-chieen̄. Erieen̄ cha ìre: "Alpha, Beta, Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, Honeycomb, Icecream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, Kitkat, Lollipop, Mashmallow, Noughat, Oreo, Pi." Ebi Andurọid etumu ibe ke ema ekinyi erieen̄ cha ikeya mije ke ekwu mè okpọk-etip cha ema ekisan̄abe isibi ikirọ inyi ugwem ebi ene ikaan̄ utop. Ire, me òso akọp usen iba mè iba me emen Onyan̄ Ọgọs me acha 2019, mînyi ulook ibe ke ayaya andurọid esan̄abe isibi òrere "Android Q" ke ebegwen "Android 10"; eyi òsibi ibe ke kpebeyaka ikigwen ema ibak inorie cha.
Okwut-isi Andurọid [Android Interface]
Ebọp okwut-isi andurọid inyi ikọt irọ inu ogwukaan̄ oweekbe me mgbọ ọmọ ochakbe ubọk me isi okwukwut ya. Mêkọt idut ubọk me isi ya ifo ulom, ujit, inyọn̄ mè ìre ijọn̄ [swipe]; mêkọt ichak otubọk [tap]; mêkọt iyibi [pinch] mè iyaka inwe [reverse-pinch/zoom] isi ya inyi irọ esese inu. Okwut-isi andurọid îkaan̄ si akpọk-nge, eyi kpekimọnọ isibi, me emen. Ire ene ibosa akpọk-nge eyi ekimọnọbe mè ìre ìbosa okwukut ifit-nsa irọ inu me lek okwukwut andurọid, môdasi isa YUUESBI [USB] mè ìre Bulutut [Bluetooth] itobo ema mè osa òrọ inu iborọ. Okwukwut andurọid ìkinyi ifọọk kan̄ mgbọ yaage echakbe ubọk me isi. Ebi kè ofifi nriro mîkup me emen okwukwut andurọid: òtọ-ije [accelerometer], òtọ-ikeke [gyroscope], òweek-ere [GPS / location finder] mè ògban̄-ere eyi m̀gbet [proximity sensor]. Andurọid ìkisa nriro chi inyi ifọọk eyi okwukwut gaalek ikpokọt inyi, kire iyayaka isi okwukwut isin̄ ujọn̄ọ ujọn̄ọ sà ìre nkwurieen̄ igọọk me ike ogwukaan̄ okanabe isin̄. Me nsa ikọp-ujijọn̄ [racing game], òtọ-ikeke òkup me emen môrọ inyi ogwukaan̄ ikikọp uji me gaalek ikekiyaka òkwukwut ikana kubọk ikiyaka ekpirikpo ikọp-uji [steering wheel]. Inan̄a me lek òweek-ere òkup me emen andurọid, ene môkọt isa okwukwut andurọid kan̄ iweek ere mè oniin̄ imun̄ me mgbọ îkisi ije.
Adasi mgbọ, ekwu-mbọp [IDE] ekisa ibọp ebi kè ekwu andurọid ìre "Eclipse." Ire, akarake Disemba 2014, ìnire eyi ebi Gugulu esan̄abe isibi ekigwen Android Studio. Ebi ìrere ayaya ife me ibọp-ekwu mêkọt isa "Google App Inventor" isa ibọp ekwu andurọid.
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