Scots edit
Verb edit
ir
- (Sooth Scots) Seicont-person simple present form o ti be
- (Sooth Scots) Plural simple present form o ti be
See also edit
Alemannic German edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
ir
- ye (plural)
Declension edit
nominative | accusative | dative | possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person seengular | ich, i | mich, mi | mir, mer | miin | |
2nt person seengular | familiar | du | dich | dir | diin |
polite | Si | Ine, Ene | Ire | ||
3rd person seengular | m | er | in | im | siin |
f | si | ire | |||
n | es | im | siin | ||
1st person plural | mir | öis | öise | ||
2nt person plural | ir | öi | öie | ||
3rd person plural | si | ine, ene | ire |
Chuukese edit
Pronoun edit
ir
Related terms edit
Dens edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
ir c (singular definite irren, not used in plural form)
Galician edit
Etymology edit
Frae Old Portuguese ir, frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō; the forms beginnin wi V frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi F frae the corresponding forms o sum.
Verb edit
ir (first-person singular present vou, first-person singular preterite fun, past participle ido)
- tae gae
- first-person singular personal infinitive of ir
- third-person singular personal infinitive of ir
Conjugation edit
infinitive | ir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | indo | ||||||
past participle | seengular | plural | |||||
masculine | ido | idos | |||||
feminine | ida | idas | |||||
person | seengular | plural | |||||
first | seicont | third | first | seicont | third | ||
indicative | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | vou | vas | vai | imos | ides | van | |
imperfect | ía | ías | ía | iamos | iades | ían | |
preterite | fun | fuches | foi | fomos | fostes | foron | |
pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | foramos | forades | foran | |
future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | iredes | irán | |
conditional | iría | irías | iría | iriamos | iriades | irían | |
subjunctive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
present | vaia | vaias | vaia | vaiamos | vaiades | vaian | |
preterite | fose | foses | fose | fósemos | fósedes | fosen | |
futur | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | foren | |
imperative | — | ti | Vde. | nós | vós | Vdes. | |
affirmative | — | vai | vaia | vamos | ide | vaian | |
negative | — | vaia | vaia | vamos | vaiades | vaian | |
personal infinitive | eu | ti | el / ela / Vde. | nós | vós | eles / elas / Vdes. | |
ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | iren |
See also edit
Interlingua edit
Verb edit
ir
- tae gae
Conjugation edit
Antonyms edit
Kaera edit
Noun edit
ir
References edit
- Gary Holton and Laura Robinson, The Internal History of the Alor-Pantar language family, in The Alor-Pantar languages: History and Typology, edited by Marian Klamer
- Marian Klamer, One item, many faces: ‘come’ in Teiwa (2010, in wing & Klamer) and Kaera (2014, in Schapper)
- Gary Holton, Marian Klamer, František Kratochvíl, Laura C. Robinson, Antoinette Schapper, The Historical Relations of the Papuan Languages of Alor and Panta, Oceanic Linguistics 2012:1
Latgalian edit
Etymology edit
Shortened frae irā, relatit tae Latvian ir an Lithuanian yra (wi the same meanin). In Latgalian, the shortened form ir is maistly used in unstressed poseetions, while irā is maistly common for stressed poseetions in the sentence.
Verb edit
ir
Laitin edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Cognate wi Ancient Greek χείρ (kheír).
Pronunciation edit
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Noun edit
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- (rare, anatomy) haund
Declension edit
Not declined; used only in the nominative and accusative singular.
Case | Seengular |
---|---|
Nominative | ir |
Genitive | — |
Dative | — |
Accusative | ir |
Ablative | — |
Vocative | — |
Synonyms edit
- (hand): manus
References edit
- Lua error in Module:Wt/sco/R:Perseus at line 164: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).Charlton T. Lewis an Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ir” in Félix Gaffiot’s Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette (1934)
Latvie edit
Etymology 1 edit
Frae Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, airchaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Auld Kirk Slavonic єстъ (jestŭ), Russian есть (jest’), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), ineetially wi basically exeestential (“thare is”) meanin, but later on extendin tae aw copular meanins, thus replacin *esti. In Sudovian, an aa the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The oreegin o Proto-Baltic *irā is, houever, unclear. Various soorces hae been proponed: an aulder interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the pairticle an conjunction ir (“baith... an...”), a noin wi the meanin “exeestence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (mair recently) the Proto-Indo-European seicontar third-person verbal endin *-r wi a later -ā-extension.[1]
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ir
- (he, she, it) is; 3rd person seengular present indicative furm o būt
- (thay) are; 3rd person plural present indicative furm o būt
- (wi the pairticle lai) let (him, her, it) be; 3rd person seengular imperative furm o būt
- (wi the pairticle lai) let them be; 3rd person plural imperative furm o būt
Etymology 2 edit
Frae Proto-Baltic *ir, frae the reduced grade *r̥ o Proto-Indo-European *ar (“so, then; question particle”) (whance an aa Latvian ar (“wi”), q.v.). The oreeginal meaning “an” (cf. Lithuanian cognate) is foond in 16t- an 17t-century texts, but frae the 18t century on ir wis na langer uised in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“an aa”), er (“(alang) wi”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “sae, then, tharefore”).[1]
Conjunction edit
ir
- additive conjunction uised tae jyn several seemilar sentence elements, indicatin thair seemilar naitur: baith ... an ..., ... an an aa ..., ... as weel as ...
- gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt ― ane wantit baith tae lauch an tae cry
- nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie ― baith the young an the auld came
- tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši ― at that time, baith the faither an the mither haed dee'd
- tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna ― that wis a brave, fun (lit. interestin) an pretty lass, wha knew hou tae be baith cheerfu an serious
- nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī ― the nicht is lik the nicht (= as uisual): the muin shines an an aa in the distance silent fire-flaucht
Synonyms edit
Pairticle edit
ir
- uised tae merk connection an emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī
- Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies ― Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart
- Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still hae eneuch time,” an an aa, sae it wis impossible tae convince him aboot the rules for deliveray afore the deidline
- uised tae merk emphasis, tae reinforce; syn. pat: really, even
- tas viņam ir prātā nenāk ― that disna even come tae his mynd
- krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti ― really sleepin at nicht in the busses, he appeared rarely in the ceety
Synonyms edit
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “Wt/sco/ir”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in ), Rīga: AVOTS, ISBN 9984-700-12-7
Lithuanie edit
Etymology edit
Frae Proto-Balto-Slavic *ir (“an, an aa”), compare Latvian ir, Old Prussian ir (“an, even”), frae Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥- (“thus, sae”); compare Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “sae, then, consequently”). If the oreeginal meaning wis "fittinly, accordinly", the ruit mey be identical tae *h₂er- (“fit thegither”), see artì (“near”) for mair.
Proto-Slavic *i (“an, even”) is probably nae relatit.
Conjunction edit
ir̃
- (coordinating, cumulative) an, too
- (coordinating, illative) an, sae
- (coordinating, correlative) baith … an …
Pairticle edit
ir̃
Relatit terms edit
Auld Swadish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Frae Old Norse ír, variant o ér, frae Proto-Germanic *jīz, variant o *jūz.
Pronoun edit
īr
- ye (plural)
Declension edit
first person | seicont person | reflexive | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
seengular | ||||||
nominative | iak, iæk | þū | — | han | hōn | þæt |
accusative | mik | þik | sik | han | hana, hōna | þæt |
dative | mǣr, mik | þǣr, þik | sǣr, sik | hōnum, hānum | hænni | þȳ, þī |
genitive | mīn | þīn | sīn | hans | hænna(r) | þæs |
dual | ||||||
nominative | vit | it | — | — | — | — |
accusative | oker | *iker | sik | — | — | — |
dative | oker | *iker | sǣr, sik | — | — | — |
genitive | okar | *ikar | sīn | — | — | — |
plural | ||||||
nominative | vī(r) | ī(r) | — | þē(r) | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
accusative | os, ōs | iþer | sik | þā | þā(r) | þø̄n, þē(n) |
dative | os, ōs | iþer | sǣr, sik | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom | þēm, þø̄m, þom |
genitive | vār | iþar | sīn | þēra | þēra | þēra |
Descendants edit
Portuguese edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Frae Old Portuguese ir, frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō (frae Proto-Italic *eō, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginnin wi V frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi F frae the correspondin forms o sum.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ir (first-person singular present indicative vou, past participle ido)
- (intransitive, or transitive with para or a or até) tae gae (tae muive tae a destination)
- Vamos a pé?
- Dae we gae on fit?
- Eles foram ao shopping.
- Thay went tae the maw.
- Queríamos ir para casa.
- We wantit tae gae hame.
- (auxiliary, wi an infinitive) will; tae be gaein tae; forms the futur tense
- Vou comprar um sapato.
- I will buy a shae.
- Nós não íamos fazer nada.
- We werena gaein tae dae onything.
- (auxiliary, wi a gerund) tae keep on; tae gae on; ~ on; forms the continuative aspect
- A água vai escorrendo até acabar.
- The watter keeps on leakin till it is aw gane.
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) tae gae; tae leave; tae depairt
- Os homens já se foram todos.
- Aw the men hae left awready.
- (intransitive, or transitive with para or em or a) tae attend; tae gae tae (tae be present in an event)
- Sinto muito, não poderei ir à sua festa.
- I’m sairy, I winna be able tae gae tae yer pairty.
- (transitive with até) tae gae on till; tae last tae
- A batalha foi até as duas da manhã.
- The battle went on till twa AM.
- (intransitive, or transitive with em) tae dae; tae fare (tae hae a guid or bad result)
- Fui muito mal em quase todas as provas.
- A did verra bad in nearly aw the tests.
- (intransitive) tae be daein (formula uised in greetings)
- “Como vai?” “Vou bem, obrigado.”
- “Hou are ye daeing?” “I am daein fine, thanks.”
- (takes a reflexive pronoun) tae be gane (depletit, destroyed; na langer uisable)
- Porcaria! Minha TV se foi.
- Damn it! My TV is gane.
- (euphemistic, takes a reflexive pronoun) tae leave us; tae depairt (tae dee)
- Uma oração para os que já se foram.
- A prayer for thae wha hae awready left us.
- (intransitive) tae gae (tae begin an action or process)
- Um, dois, três, vai!
- Ane, twa, three, gae!
- O sinal verde ainda não foi!
- The green licht still didna licht up.
- Vamos!
- Get on wi it!
- (transitive with com) tae match; tae gae wi (tae form a guid combination wi)
- Este casaco não vai bem com os sapatos.
- This jacket disna gae weel wi the shaes.
- (transitive with com) to lik or tolerate someone or something
- Parece que ninguém vai comigo.
- It seems naebody liks me.
- (transitive with por) tae follae (tae tak intae accoont when makkin chyces)
- Vai pela razão, não pelos sentimentos.
- Follae raison, nae feelins.
- Se a luz não acender, pode encontrar o livro indo pelo tato.
- If the licht disna turn on, ye can find the beuk bi follaein yer sense o titch.
- (poker, intransitive) tae cry (tae match the amoont o chips in the pot)
- 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, ISBN 9788539004133, page 29:
- Não se ouvia mais nada, além dos ruídos naturais do pôquer. O clicar das fichas. Frases curtas: "Dou cartas." "Vou." "Não vou." "Pago pra ver." "Não é possível!"
- 2012, Luís Fernando Veríssimo, “Os pêssegos”, in Diálogos Impossíveis, Editora Objetiva, ISBN 9788539004133, page 29:
Quotations edit
For uissage exemples o this term, see Citations:ir.
Conjugation edit
Notes:[edit]
| ||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | ir | |||||
Personal | ir | ires | ir | irmos | irdes | irem |
Gerund | ||||||
indo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | ido | idos | ||||
Feminine | ida | idas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | vou | vais | vai | vamos imos |
ides | vão |
Imperfect | ia | ias | ia | íamos | íeis | iam |
Preterite | fui | foste | foi | fomos | fostes | foram |
Pluperfect | fora | foras | fora | fôramos | fôreis | foram |
Future | irei | irás | irá | iremos | ireis | irão |
Conditional | ||||||
iria | irias | iria | iríamos | iríeis | iriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | vá | vás | vá | vamos | vades | vão |
Imperfect | fosse | fosses | fosse | fôssemos | fôsseis | fossem |
Future | for | fores | for | formos | fordes | forem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | - | vai | vá | vamos | ide | vão |
Negative (não) | - | vás | vá | vamos | vades | vão |
Synonyms edit
Romansch edit
Alternative forms edit
- (Surmiran) eir
Etymology edit
Frae Laitin eō, īre, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. The forms beginnin wi V derive frae correspondin forms o Laitin vādō.
Verb edit
ir
Conjugation edit
Muid | Tense | 1st s. | 2nt s. | 3rd s. | 1st pl. | 2nt pl. | 3rd pl. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative | Present | jau vom | ti vas | el/ella/ins va | nus giain | vus giais | els/ellas van |
Indicative | Imperfect | jau gieva | ti gievas | el/ella/ins gieva | nus gievan | vus gievas | els/ellas gievan |
Indicative | Perfect | jau sun ì/ida | ti es ì/ida | el/ella/ins è ì/ida | nus essan ids/idas | vus essan ids/idas | els/ellas èn ids/idas |
Indicative | Futur | jau vegn a ir | ti vegns a ir | el/ellas/ins vegn a ir | nus vignin a ir | vus vegnis a ir | els/ellas vegnan a ir |
Indicative | Condeetional | jau giess | ti giessas | el/ella giess | nus giessan | vus giessas | els/ellas giessan |
Spaingie edit
Etymology edit
The infinitive an forms beginnin wi i or y are frae Laitin īre, present active infinitive o eō (frae Proto-Italic *eō, frae Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-); the forms beginnin wi v frae correspondin forms o vādō; the forms beginnin wi f probably frae forms o sum or fugio.
Verb edit
ir (first-person singular present Wt/sco/voy, first-person singular preterite Wt/sco/fui, past participle Wt/sco/ido)
- tae gae
- (reflexive) tae gae awey, tae leave (see irse)
- (wi a follaed bi the infinitive), tae be gaein tae (near futur)
- Hoy vamos a ver una película.
- Theday we are gaein tae see a movie.
- Hoy vamos a ver una película.
Conjugation edit
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Uisage notes edit
- The basic meanin "gae" applees tae ony kynd o animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, flee, etc.
- The voseo imperative o ir is teepically replaced bi the imperative o andar, which haes the form andá.[1]
See an aa edit
References edit
- ↑ chapter Spanish from Argentina: That Voseo Thing, in (Please provide the teetle o the wark)[1], accessed 9 October 2015
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
ir (feminine seengular ir, plural irion, equative ired, comparative irach, superlative iraf)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | saft | nasal | aspirate |
Wt/sco/ir | unchynged | unchynged | Hwt/sco/ir |
Note: Some o thir forms mey be hypothetical. Nae ivery possible mutatit form o ivery wird actually occurs. |
Yapese edit
Pronoun edit
ir