Wp/tzm/ⵛⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ

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ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⵔⵜ

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ⵉⵍⵓⵍ ⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⵅⴷⴷⴰⵏⵎ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⵓ ⵏ ⵢⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 1927, ⴷⴳ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⴰⵜⵀ ⴱⵓⵓ ⵎⵙⵙⴰⵓⵓⴷ(ⵉⴼⵔⵀⵓⵓⵏⵏ) ⴷⵉ ⵍⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ-ⵓⵓⵣⵓⵓ. ⴷ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⵉ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴷⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵎⴰⵜⵏ-ⵉⵙ (ⴷⵉ ⵅⵎⵙⴰ ⵢⵉⴷ-ⵙⵏ). ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵓⵎⴰⵔ, ⵖⴰⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵔⵓ, ⴷ “ⵎⵓⵣⵣⵉⵏ” ⵉ ⵜⵜⵇⴰⴷⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵟⴰⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ. ⴰⵛⵓⵓⵔ ⵛⵓⵔⴼⵉ ⵢⵎⵙⵍⴰⵢ-ⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵍⵇⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ-ⵉⵙ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵢⴰⵄⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵉⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵢⵏ (ⴷⵉⵛⵜⵉⵓⵏⵏⴰⵉⵔⵙ ⴱⵉⵓⴳⵔⴰⵃⵀⵉⵇⵓⵙ ⴷⵙ ⵥⵛⵔⵉⵖⴰⵉⵏⵙ ⴰⵍⴳⵥⵔⵉⵏⵙ, ⴷⵉⵜⵉⵓⵏⵙ ⵛⴰⵙⴱⴰⵀ, 2003 ). ⴷⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵏⵖⵔⴰ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵍⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵔⴰⴹⵏ ⵏ… ⵔⴰⵀⵎⴰⵏⵉⴰ. ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1932, ⴱⴰⴱⴰ-ⵙ ⵢⵓⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ. ⵎⵉ ⴷ-ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1936, ⵢⴱⴹⴰ-ⵜⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵔⵔⴰⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵖⵔ ⵎⵎⵉ-ⵙ ⴷⵉ ⵍⴰⴽⵓⵍ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴱⵄⴷⵏ ⵙ 17 ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ. ⵎⴰⵄⵏⴰ, ⵉⵎⵉ ⵍⵉⵃⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⵡⵄⵔ, ⵉⴱⴷⴷⵍ ⵔⵔⴰⵢ-ⵉⵙ, ⵢⵓⵖⴰⵍ ⵉⵛⵢⵢⵄ-ⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵛⵛⵉⵅ ⵓⴱⵍⵇⴰⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵓⴷⵊⵍⵍⵉⵍ, ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵣⵎⴰⵍⵜ (ⵍⵡⵉⵍⴰⵢⴰ ⵏ ⴱⴳⴰⵢⵜ). “ⵛ’ⵙⵜ à ⵍⴰ ⵣⴰⵓⵓⵟⴰ, ⵏ ⵉⵏⵜⵔⵏⴰⵜ, ⵇⵓ ⵍ’ⵓⵏ ⴰⵃⵃⵔⵥⵛⵉ ⵙⴰ ⵖⵓⵉⵅ ⵃⵓⵓⵔ ⵍⴰ ⵃⵔⵎⵉèⵔ ⴼⵓⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵃⵙⴰⵍⵎⵓⴷⵉⴰⵏⵜ ⵍ ⵛⵓⵔⴰⵏ (ⴷⴳ ⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ, ⵉⵃⵎⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⵛⵜ-ⵉⵙ )”, ⵉ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵛⵓⵔⴼⵉ. ⴷⴳ 1942, ⵉⵎⵉ ⵢⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⵜⵜⵉⵏ ⵃⵉⵣⴱ, ⵢⵟⵟⴰⵅⵔ-ⴷ ⵙⵉ ⵣⴰⵡⵉⵢⴰ. ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⵓⵍⴰⵛ ⴷ ⴰⵛⵓ ⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⵅⴷⵎ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⴷⴷⴰⵔⵜ, ⵢⵓⵏⴰⴳ ⵖⵔ ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵄⵎⵔ-ⵉⴷ 12 ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ. ⵢⵅⴷⵎ ⴷⵉ ⵓⵓⴷ ⵙⵎⴰⵔ, ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵏⵉ. ⵜⵍⴰⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵙⵄⴷⴷⴰ ⴷⵉⵏ. ⴷⵉⵏ ⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵉ ⵢⵙⵙⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵓ ⴰⵖⵍⵏⴰⵡ ⵓ ⵢⴳⵣⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⵎⵙⴱⴰⵟⵍⵉ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵍⴽⵓⵍⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ. ⴷⵉ ⵛⵜⵎⴱⵔ 1947, ⵢⵟⵟⴰⵅⵔ, ⵎⴱⴰⵄⴷ ⵎⵉ ⵢⵏⵏⵓⵖ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵡⵎⵄⵍⵎ-ⵉⵙ, ⵙⵉ ⵓⵓⴷ ⵙⵎⴰⵔ, ⵢⵓⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⵔ ⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⴰ( ⴷⵉ ⵙⴰⵉⵏⵜ-ⴷⵏⵉⵙ, ⵙⴰⴽⵉⵏ ⴷⵉ ⵃⵉⵏⴰⵢ). ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ-ⵏⵏⵉ ⴰⵔ 1952 ⵢⵅⴷⵎ ⴷⵉ ⵜⴽⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⴰⵍ, ⵙⵉ 1953 ⴰⵔ 1961 ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴽⵓⴱⴱⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵉⵖⴰ. ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴷ ⴰⵅⴷⴷⴰⵎ, ⵢⵓⴼⴰ ⵛⵡⵉⵟ ⵏ ⵍⵡⵇⵜ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵎⴷⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵍⵎⴷ ⵙⵓⵍⴼèⴳ. ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1954 ⵢⵜⵜⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵔⴱⴰⵄⵜ ⵢⵜⵜⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵣⵉⴳⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵍⵇⵀⴰⵡⵉ. ⵜⵉⴽⵡⴰⵍ, ⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⵢⴽⴽⴰⵜ ⴰⴳⵉⵜâⵔ ⴳⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴰⵍ-ⵉⵙ, « ⵢⵙⵙⴼⵔⵓⵢ ». ⵉⵎⴷⴷⵓⴽⴰⵍ-ⵉⵙ ⴼⴰⵇⵏ ⴱⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷⴳ-ⵙ ⵏⴼⴰⵄ ⵉⵎⵉ ⵜⴰⵖⵛⵜ-ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵜ-ⵉⵅⵓⵙ ⵡⴰⵔⴰ.