ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ (ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ Στοιχεία / ⵚⵟⵓⵢⵅⵉⵢⴰ) ⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵣⴳⴳⴰⵏ, ⵢⵓⵎⵢⵏ 13 ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵜⴰⵍ, ⴰⵀⴰⵜ (ⵄⵏⵉⵖ ⵉⵙ ⴷ) ⴰⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴳⵔⵉⴽⵉ ⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏ ⵢⵓⵔⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ 300 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵄ. ⵢⵓⵎⵢ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍ, ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ, ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵓⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵥⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⴳ ⵓⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵜⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰ.
ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴷⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵇⴱⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⴳⵊⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵏⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⵉ ⵜⵏⵣⴳⴳⵉⵜ ⵉⴳ ⵢⵉⴹⵉⵚ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴱⵓⵖⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵥⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⵉⵎⵜ ⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏ. ⵏⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⵓⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵔⵙ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ : ⴳⴰⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵥⵕⴰⴳ (Venise, 1482) ⵓⵔ ⵜ ⵢⵓⴳⵉⵔ ⵖⴰⵙ ⵍⵉⵏⵊⵉⵍ ⴳ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵔⵏ (ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 1000). ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⵢⴰⴷ, ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⴷⴰⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵉⵏ.
ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵓⴳⴰ ⵉ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷ ⵜⵙⵓⵖⵍⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⵙ ⵢⵉⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⴱⵍⵖⴰⵣⴰⵍⵉ (Mohamed Belarhzali).
ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ edit
ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵜⴱⵔⵉⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴽⵍⵉⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⴼ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍ, "ⵜⵓⵜⵜⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ" (ⵜⵉⵏⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ), "ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⵉⵔⵏ" (ⵉⴳⵊⴷⴰ) ⴷ ⵉⵙⵓⵎⴰⵔ (ⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵏ ⵜⵜⵓⴼⵙⴰⵢⵏⵉⵏ, ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ 470 ⴳ ⵓⵖⵔⵓⴷ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵙ 13). ⵙ ⵓⵎⴷⵢⴰ, ⵢⵓⵎⵢ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ 1 35 ⵏ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍ (ⵜⵉⵇⵉⴼⴼⵉⵜ, ⴰⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⴳ, ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ, ⴰⵜⴳ.) ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵔⵏ.
ⵜⵉⵏⴷⴰⴳⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ 1 :
1. ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵙ ⵓⵣⴷⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵇⵉⴼⴼⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵏⵜ ⵜⵜ.
2. ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷ ⵉⵣⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⵖⵣⵉⴼ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⴷⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⵔⵉⴳ ⵉⵖⴷⵏ.
3. ⵎⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⴳ ⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵏⵉⵖⵉⵢ ⴰⴷ ⵏⵙⵙⵓⵏⵖ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵥⴰⵢⵕⵜ ⵏⴳ ⴰⵙ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴰⵥⵏⵥⴰⵕ (ⴰⵇⵇⴰⵔ) ⵏⴳ ⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵍⵉⵙⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ.
4. ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵍⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷⵉⵏ.
5. ⵎⴽ ⵉⴱⴱⵢ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⵎⵥⵥⵉⵢⵏⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⵎⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷⵉⵏ, ⵀⴰⵜ ⵇⴰⴷ ⵎⵢⴰⴱⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵖⵓⴷⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰ ⴰⴷ.
ⵉⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ 1 :
1. ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⵎⴳⴷⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ.
2. ⵉⴳ ⵏⵔⵏⴰ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ, ⵇⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵏⵏ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵔⵏⵉⵡⵜ.
3. ⵉⴳ ⵏⴽⴽⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵏⵉⵜⵏⵉ, ⵇⴰⴷ ⴰⵖ ⵏⵏ ⴼⴽⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵉⵎⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⴰⵔⴰⵢ.
4. ⵉⴷ ⵡⴰⵏⵛⴽ ⵉⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⴳⵔⴰⵙⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵎⴳⴷⴰⵏ.