Wp/tig/ታሪኽ ዐቦት ሂጋ ትግረ

ታሪኽ ዐቦት ሂጋ ትግሬ

( ተርጀሞት እት ትግሬ ለአተላሌ ሀላ )

ቅዱም ጥባዐት(1863-1913)

1. 1863: (The first known work about) ላናይ መኣንበት እሙር ሽቅል እብ ሰበት ሂጋ ትግሬ ለዐለ ዞዖታት/ቀላት፣ትናሻረ /ትወዘዐ/ትፋንጠረ እብ፣ (was "Vocabularire de la Langue," published by )ዎርነር ሙዚንጀር ( Warner Munzinger ) in French.
2. 1868: An እንግሊዚ-ትግሬ dictionary was published in London, followed by various grammar ኣክቱበት in ትግሬ, Arabic, እንግሊዚ, and German.
3. 1889: The first ክታብ ላትክተባ in Geez script, Ktab Fidel Weqran, was published by two priests, Qeshi Dawit Amanuel and Qeshi Tewelde-Medhin Ghebre-Medhin. It was later reprinted in 1957 as Ktab Agazot Weqran by Memhir Musa Aaron.
4. 1910-1913: German professor ኢኖ ሊትማን , along with ኤረትሪ ናፍዕ ዑስማን, published ኣክቱበት in ትግሬ, እንግሊዚ, and German, including a collection of 717 ሕላየት).

ሂጋ ትግሬ ዲብ ታዕሊም (1871-1957)

1. 1871: Swedish missionaries established the first ሂጋ-ትግሬ መድረሰት in ዓይለት, near ማይ ዉዑይ.
2. 1877: The መድረሰት was moved to ኡም ኹሉ and became a boarding መድረሰት.
3. Gospel and Education: Missionaries produced educational ኣክቱበት in ትግሬ, including translations of the Gospel of Mark, science, geography, and mathematics ኣክቱበት.
4. 1913: Two additional ኣክቱበት, Digm Qdus Ktab (The Story of Holy Bible) and Fitih Mehari We’adotat (Customary Law), were published under the supervision of Swedish missionary Karl Gustav Rudien.

Period of Stagnation and Struggles (1940s-1991)

1. Post-1913 Decline: After a promising start, ትግሬ development in ክታበት slowed significantly.
2. 1960s: A radio broadcast (ሰኒ ማስያም) in ትግሬ started in the late 1960s and continued until 1991, playing a small role in ሂጋ promotion.
3. 1977-1979: EPLF revived the use of ትግሬ as a medium of instruction in Zerro, publishing over 40 ኣክቱበት in the language.

ሂጋ ትግሬ during the Armed Struggle (1977-1980)

1. 1977-1984: A total of 79 ኣክቱበት (student, teacher, and adult education ኣክቱበት ) were published by EPLF.
2. 1979: A radio station broadcasting in ትግሬ, ክርን ገቢል, was launched by EPLF.
3. 1980: ELF briefly attempted ትግሬradio broadcasts in Homib, but the effort did not last.

ሂጋ ትግሬ in Literature (1980s-1990s)

1. 1980s: Fictional works such as "Hatr Fda Adu" and "Min Midrna Tewez Y’enbil!" were ላትክተባ during the armed struggle.
2. 1994: Ali Abe Mohammed published the first ትግሬ novel, Atrayemet Gebeyom.
3. 1994-2007: Additional literary works, including novels and poetry collections, were published, notably Ali Abe’s Leshirun Shef and Mohammed Ali Ibrahim’s Emenini in 2007.

Post-Independence Period (1991 onwards)

1. 1995: Radio Bana started broadcasting educational programs in ትግሬ.
2. 2000: The first television broadcasts in ትግሬ began.
3. 2005: A ትግሬ-ትግሬ dictionary titled Kibt Qalat Higya ትግሬ was published by Memhir Mussa Aron.
4. 2008: A symposium assessing ትግሬ literature concluded with positive outcomes for language development.

Periodicals and Publications (1996-2008)

1. 1996: The monthly newspaper Geled was launched but eventually became bi-annual and stopped.
2. 2006: ታክያት, a two-monthly magazine, was published but faced similar challenges.
3. 2008: The weekly newspaper ኤረትርያ ሓዳስ started regular publication.

Diaspora Contributions

1. 1988 onwards: ኤረትሪን in Sweden established an association for the development of ትግሬ language, launched a radio station, and supported ሂጋ ትግረ initiatives in Eritrea.
2. ጃምዐት: ሂጋ ትግሬ ዲብ ጃምዓት ካርጅ ትደረሰት ዎ እት 2008 እት ኢጣልያ ወርሻት ትነዘማባ ከዐላ።

Recent Translation Efforts (1990s-2000s)

1. 1995: ክታብ 'ድግም ኪሌኤ መንስዕ' ዲብ ዓረቢ ተርጀማ
2. 2007: ትግሬ folktales were translated into እንግሊዚ by the Ministry of Education.
3. 2002-2007: Various historical works, including Alemseged Tesfay’s Aynfelale, were translated into ትግሬ