Wp/tig/ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ - ምዕራፍ 13

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ወሰክ ዝክርያት እብ ክሱስ እስትሸሃድ ሓምድ

ዔማት ተእሪክ

መቃበለት እብ ብዕዳም ሔፍዘት ተእሪክ

መርጀዕ ክቱብ

ጭምረ ዐልብ ሐቴ ቁ.1 (ገጽ1-5)

ቈማት ተእሪክ መቃበላት እብ ኬትባይ

  1. ጸጋይ ህይሌማርያም (ደንጎላ) አውጋሮ 3/1983
  2. አሰይደ ተበርህ ገዛህ’፡ አውጋሮ 3/1983
  3. ዐብደለ ጣሃ፡ አውጋሮ 3/1983
  4. ዩሰፍ ደምባይ፡ ደሞሸባ 3/1983
  5. MY MLC: ACT 1/9/1983
  6. ዑሰማን ሉሎንጊ አርዳዲ፡ ዐሬርብ -ሳሕል 16/10/1988
  7. መሕሙድ ዐሊ (ትሌንቱቴ)፡ ኣቁቂርደት 21/5/1989
  8. ሰሌማን ጉርጃጅ፡ አቁርደት 24/5/1989
  9. ጹጥሮስ ልቛም ጃውጅ፡ አቁርደት 25/5/1989
  10. ሁመድ ካምል፡ ዐድ ጅሜል ሞጎራይዩብ 4/6/1989
  11. ሁመድ ቘጋ (ምቈርባይ)፡ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
  12. ጀዕፈር ያሲን፡፣ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይ 5/6/1989
  13. ኣድም ፋክድ በኪት፡ ዐድ ጅሜል ሞጎራይዩብ 5/6/1989
  14. ማልክ ዐጃጂብ አረይ፡ ዐደልማ ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
  15. ዐብደለ HI: ባምቡኔ ሞጎራይዩብ 5/6/1989
  16. እድሪስ እሰማዒል (ቪሚል)፡ ህይኮታ 5/6/1989
  17. ሹጋ ኪና ኣሹ፣ ዐደልማ - ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
  18. መንታይ ዐ0ንጀ፡ ዐደልማ - ሞጎራይብ 5/6/1989
  19. እሰማዒል ክሉ፡ አተርድዋር - ሞጎራይብ 9/6/1989
  20. እብራሂም ሹኩ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አተርድዋር - ሞጎራይብ 10/6/1989
  21. ወልዳይ ገብራ፡ ህይኮታ 10/6/1989
  22. አቡፋጥነ እድሪስ ኣድም፡ ህይኮታ 10/6/1989
  23. ማሞ ዉነቴ፡ ተሰነይ 11/6/1989
  24. ገብሬሰላሰ ልጅሸት፣ ተሰነይ 11/6/1989
  25. መሐመድ ዑሰማን ዐብደለ (ምሑርባይ)፡ ሕመረት-ከልቦይ19/6/1989
  26. ፋጊ እድሪስ፡ አልገዴን 22/6/1989
  27. ከራር ዩሰፍ (ምቈርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን፡ 19/11/1989
  28. ሸከር አብረሃም (ገለብ)፡ሞ ወግሬት 3/12/1989
  29. ያቀብ እድሪስ፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 30/12/1989
  30. እድሪሰ መሕሙድ ጅሜል 'ሐውስሰላስ' (ምሴርባይ) ከሰለ 0-97 2/1/1990
  31. እድሪስ ናስሰሕ፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 3/1/1990
  32. መሐመድ ዐ07ን፳ (ሻምበል ምሑርባይ) ከሰለ ሶዳን 7/1/1990
  33. ሰሌማን አሕመድ መሐመድ ሑሴን ከሰለ ሶዳን 8/1/1990
  34. ዐብደልቃድር መሐመድ ዐሊ (ሚጀር)፡ እምግርጉር ሶዳን 22/1/1990
  35. እብራሂም ልባብ (ሐለቀ 10)፡ እምግርጉር ሶዳን 24/1/1990
  36. ዑስማን ሻኒ ዐብደለ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 27/1/1990
  37. ከራር መሕሙድ አቦኩት፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን - 27/1/1990
  38. ሐሰን ከራር ዐዋ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 1/2/1990
  39. ዐዋቲ ከራር ዐዋቲ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን፡ 1/2/1990
  40. BA ALA OPE: ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን -- 1/2/1990
  41. መሐመድ ኑር ሓምድ፡ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 1/2/1990
  42. ኣድም መሰመር መፍለስ፡ እግርማይከ -- 15/2/1990
  43. እድሪስ ጀማል ዐብደለ፡ ወድ-ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 27/2/1990
  44. ተወልዳዴመድህን ዘካርያስሴ ወደል-ሕሌው ሶዳን 28/2/1990
  45. ሑሴን መሐመድ ዑሰማን ወድ ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 28/2/1990
  46. አሸቡ ሸንዲ (አይመሳ)፡ ወድ-ሸሪፈይ ሶዳን 28./2/1990
  47. ከራር ኣድም ሐዞት (ምሑርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 4/3/1990
  48. ኣድም መሐመድ ሓምድ 'ግንድፍል’ (ምቈርባይ) ከሰለ ሶናን5/3/1990
  49. ክቡብ ሐጂጅ (ምሴርባይ)፡ ከሰለ ሶዳን 19/3/1990
  50. በርሄ ተሰፋማርያም (በላምበራሰ)፡ ኮረማርያ 17/1/1991
  51. ተኽሌ ሰረቂ (ዓረኩብ)፡ ተኾምብያ - 11/7/1991
  52. ሓምድ ዑሰማን ክሉሊ፡ ተኾምብያ 20/7/1991
  53. ማርኮ ኣዲ፡ ተኾምብያ 20/7/1991
  54. ህብታይ ገብሬመድህን፡ ተሰነይ 5/8/1991
  55. እዮብ ህይሌ፡ ተሰነይ 5/8/1991
  56. ሐጂ እማም ሙሳ፡ ተሰነይ 8/8/1991
  57. አሕመድ ጣህር አብራሂሄም (ሸሃቢ)፡ አቁርደት 16/8/1991
  58. ሐነሰ ተምነዎ (ቀኛዝማች)፡ ከረን 19/8/1991
  59. መሐመድ ኣድም እድሪሰስ አረይ ገሲር’ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አሰመረ8/9/1991
  60. መሐመድ እኩድ ህሮዳ (ፊተውራሪ)፡ አሰመሪ፡ 22/12/1991
  61. ጎይትኦም ገብረዝጊ (ብሪጋዴር ጀነራል)፡ ዋሺንግቶን፡ 8/3/1998
  62. ገብሬንጉስ አጽመት፡ አሰመረ 14/12/2002
  63. ክፍሌ ገብሬሚካኤል (ኮሎኔል)፡ አሰመረ 12/8/2004
  64. አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ (ምሑርባይ) አሰመረ 24/2/2013
  65. መሐመድ ዐወድ ሸሪፍ (ምሴርባይ)፡ አሰመረ 5/7/2017

መቃበላት እብ ብዕዳም መሰድለት ተእሪክ

. አሰይድ ወልደኣብ ወልዱማርያም፡ መቃበለት፡

1982 ምስል አረፋይኔ በርሄ

RA ANCL AAU መቃበለት፡

1983 ምስል አሕመድ ሓጅ ዐሊ

. ፋይድ ቲንጋ ሎንጊ (ግራዝማች)፡ መቃበለት፡

1990፡ ምስል ነፈር ልጅነት ራድዮ ኩናማ ኪገ.ኤ.

- ዐብደለ እድሪስ ዐዋቲ (ምቈሴርባይ)፡ መቃበለት፡

1987: PAA Ache ሕድሮም ርእሶም

- ኢጋር ሓምድ ፈረጀላ፡ 1989፡ መቃበለት፡

ምሰል ሰሕፊ ዘርእሰናይ ህብቴማርያም

-- ዘርኤ ደብረጹን (በላምበራስ)፡ 1998፡ ምስል የማኔ ምስግና -- ኪዳኔ ህዳድ ቁርባን፡ 2006፡ ምስል ሰሕፊ ኢሳቅ መሓሪ

479 ሓምድ አድሪሰ ዓዋተ

መራድዕ ክቱብ ሚካኤል ሐሰግ ረከ ‘ፊተውራሪ’፡ ዛንታ ኤርትራ፡ ፒ!)ር| 1/11743፡ 1986 አሕመድ አእብራሂም ፈረሰ፡ 'ቃልሰይ ኣብ ሳውራ ኤርትራ፡ አሰመራ፡ መጥበዐት አዱሊለሰስ 1991 አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ኣይንፈላለ፡ አሰመራ፡ ጨብዐት ሕድሪ 2001 አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ፈደሬሸን ኤርትራ ምሰ ኢትዮጵያ፡ ጨብዐት ሕድሪ፡፣ 2005 አለምሰገድ ተሰፋይ፡ ኤርትራ፡ ካብ ፈደሬሸን ናብ ንጎበጣን ሰውራን፡ ጨብዐት ሕድሪ 2017 ደሪደት ዘመን፡ 1961-1962፡ መደለት ሳግም፡ ሰብተምበር 1988፡ ገጽ 21 ደሪደት ሓዳሰ ኤርትራ፡ 12/12/1998፡ 12 የናይር 2005፡ 12: ማዊ" 2005 British Military Administration monthly notes & Native Summary Supplement. May1943-May1945 A study of The Development of the Present Shifta Problem and the means whereby it can be remedied. GKN. Trevaskis—June 1950. British Administration Eritrea. General Amnesty. 1951 -Plan for implementing General Amnesty. 1951 D.D.P.Cracknell Surrender of Hamid Idris Awati. 1951

¢ Government official letters, concerning Hamid Awate - British

Admiunnistration Eritrea. 1951-52- Government of Eritra. 1956 - 62

Monthly Political Reports Western Province.1951-52 The Government Of Eritrea Monthly Report. 1952 Police Report “HAMD IDRIS AWATE” 1963 Government of Eritrea, Minutes of Meeting

“Hamd Idris Awate & His Followers”, April 1962

480 481 ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ


ጥብቀ ቍ.1!

ገበጀሂዐ፡ክዘጌ ‘ fu 3.05 prt

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Tos Chief Secretary, Q BeAe Headquartere, ራ’

Sav ee 19/6 dject: Surrender of Hamid Tdria awsti.

The snifta leader Hamic Idri. Awati with fifteen followers formally surrendered to the 1.0. Tessenei in ay preeence at Poko (30 km soutin-west of Aicota) in Tessenei District on the mornin; of July 315%, 1°51. Por some three weeke crior to tais there had been a trickles of minor elesents of Awati's followers oubmitting to the D.0. Teevened, and this final surrencer brought the totel of the band to $9 persons; it wee che opinion of both.the District Officer and I, thst this musber represented Jnati's eatire chifta following.

26 “hereac the majority of tiic following were Yeni mer anc Paria, it ie interesting to note that about one third were Cungta froma the Sogodas sub-tribe (Poco-Gullui area), that they ere concidered to be allied in their symapathics with the "eni cer = Daria - Lariam block and, therefore, apparently quite rrepured to cut the throate of their Cununa kinemen in tha Tareatu ané southern Teasenei dixtricts.

3. Very fer Iirearas were handed in by tae band as a waole. Awati uiceclf brought in three Tritieh 0303 rifles, four Italisa rifles, ao revolver and some crenadea. Cwing to the cireunstarces, = aexed tue Dhetrict Clficer to re-iesue to Awati one of tre Srittsh rifles (rith 50 rounds of aamunition) uncer temporary permit, for the purpoce of self-defence; thie was accordingly doce after careful considdration on the cart

of the D.O., the “.iea., Cmar Zassano, and myself; in this con- mection it was appreciated that Awati cannot be expected to enter and regain uncer protection in any Tovernment centre for fear of vendetta. Tollowing the surrenier he, himself, returned to hie temporary rovidence neer the Tash river in iladendeni villace.

. hy firet contact with Awati wae on July 25th when,

with c uandful of follorers, he aad come to a point near xy cemp at Poco two daye after the despatch of elected etisnarics

482 to make contact with him. Together with Guar 1::565586ዑ (2.-)..ሌ. Agordct) and Ali Redai, I walked out towards his cemp uné

met him halfway coming in with oix armed followers and about twenty Teni amer elders from the locality. A man of 36 years, of surprisingly slight build-{and about 5'2" in height), he greeted me nleascntly in Italian; he was wearing the usual enifta garb and had 1 Mhaki., cloth side-cap, bearing an Italian Police (=>.a-I.) badze, on his ungheven head.

Back in my camp, I seated Lia asony hie entourage and, with a further twenty or oo villagers assembled in the backyvround, I spoke to him in Itulian explaining the fool- narGinees of hia continued existence ce an outlaw, etc. Ocar Haeeuno rereated uy words in the Tisri languase. Awati then spoke up (in Italian) and delivered a tirade dealing with the tritish Administration's failure to rrecerve peace and to con- trol the ‘neferious' activitieun of the tribal chiefs; he was outsnoken to a degree which required the greateet patience to benr; I realised at this, and subsequent, meetings, however, shat he wae Geeply infected witn noliticul poison and that (devpite his mild appearance) he wae highly strung, intclerant and poceeecedc of a violent temper.

He spoke of the inconsistency of tie policies adopted by the vurioue Dietrict Officers who continually camo and went, of the evor chanzing iezieslation and the new laws which con— Tused the neople - comparing the present time to the days when Me was an N.o.0-. in tne Itaiijian Carxzbinieri and wien everyone knew the laws of tie land and realised the extent and Limitations of their actions. Ue spoke of the power of the tribal chiefs in Italian times, of the support given them by the Government and of “the sense of security which prevailed. He had seen, he said, tim work of tne Governments in the Sudan and =thiopia and compared trem with DZritrea before and <fter the British Occurution; tne present Government in ftiiopia —- as poor as it wee, he cnid, was not as pathetic as tne Fritish Administration of Gritrea in recent years. ije had no illusions about the power ang wisdom of the Britinh - but what were they doing to Eritrea? Were they deliberately ruining the people and Gepriving them of what little wenlthm they possessed? Yere they breaking down the meagre tribal framework which existed and eee ae the customs of the people for some sinister motive?

The Pritish Adsinistration had declared, according to what ho had heard, that if he did not eurrender the popu- lation would surfer; thet villages would be burned, the innocent arrested and their property seized. His arrival at Poco to-day was 10 indication thet he would surrender, he said; he would not be frightened by such threats ané had decided to continue ie lize and activity nae protector of his people. If the Administration decided to carry out such threats against the people - then he would be Cistresered, but he woulé not surrender. If the Adminietretion decided to rob tie people of their poe- ueecions, certainiy notistas would rscrevent this, tut innocent people woul¢ euffer and periughn as a result of tuis srave ine justices; tne peonlie« of the world would look on in norror at sisese nacpeningce

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Awati then went on to explain at length the cir-~ cumstances leading up to his excursion as a shifte and the reasons for his activity since that time. He admitted that he had become engaged in clazhes with the Government Porces éuring the early yeare of hie activity and when thio could have been avoided; for the past two years, however, he had been careful to reatrict his wovewents aud thereby avoid unnecessary Slood-nied. The killin» of the Police Chief In- epector (Vohamed Ali Sikingo, B.Z.i%.) with some of nis Police in 164€ nad grieved him, he said, but the petrol hud been Sollowinzg him Gorcedly for 24 contecutive daye an’ he was a fugitive with a price on his head; he want back meiBages to tne Police — Sut they came on, “éetting closer and closer; isn only escape was dy the means he had adopted.

. After declaring that he wae a Beni Amer of tie Ha- fara faction, and tant he owed no allegiance to the Baria tribe « whose Chivfe he hated (and would thragh if he had half the chance) = Awati concluded by saying that he would remain ‘in the wilderneos' and protect his people from the ravages of the Cunama whom the Goverament had proved itself incapable of con- trolling.

5. Dealing with the pointe raised by Awati, I replied

at length and wae follored vy ርጋርፐዮ Hassano Effendi and then

Ali Recai. It is of interest to note that when the latter com menced to speak, Awati interrupted accusing Ali Redai of having contributed to the “ruination of the country". At the con-~ clusion of these ‘epeeches', Avati and nis followers were enter- tained in the Camp and the 'softening-up' process commenced, Awati refused to remain in camp that nignat and returned to the nearby hilis shortly after durk. He went away an extremely pugzcled sun.

Obviouwly ne was going to be a hard nut to crack and undoubtedly he wae a staunch supporter of Ibrahin Sultan; both Omar Tassano ané Ali Redat proposed that we should enlist the aid of Haj Mohamed Osman Sheik Elamen, « nephew of Saidna Saleh =ህይቲይ, residing nesr agordat - « man of strong character, who with hie religious background and capacity of epeech, mizht be eble to influence Avwati. There was also the political influence to break down in Awati and with the counter peoruwussion to Ibra- him Sultan's propaganda coming from a man of Haj Mohamed Os- @an's calibre, there was more likelihood of succers. ‘e ac- cordingly eent for thie man.

6. Tae Lollowing day (20.7.51), I went with Omar Hassano Zffendi to Awati's camp in the hills and talked to hia all worning. In the afternoon he came into Poco to my camp and azgein remsined until nightfall; there were by now signs fiat Le was softening up and nie thonme nad become one of "“sur- render in tiree months if the Jovernment chows ite capacity to meaintcin the peace". “de folliovers, too, were beginning to favour surrender.

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Durins tnat night Haj Mohamed Jumun arrived by car froa agordat ang snortly after ecavn (27.7-51) ke went out to Avati's caup with Ali Redai- as they strrived at the wuifte cxap, Awati flew into a raze at the sight of Redsi and drew nis seord ané pistol on hin. Awati had to be restrained by niu followere; ali Redai returned immediately to my Caap - Haj “ohened ceman remaining with ሕና'551 •

A mexvcave of anpolovy arrived fro Awati witain the hour, but I seized upon tiie incicent to exnress way anser and sent an ultimatum stating I would not see hia egain and that we were leaving the erea at noon. 4A renliy was received very soon with more apolocgics and an urgent request that Qier Massano Efferdi snould vieit him before I departed; at the oune time, Awati soved further into the hille. iits request was complied with, nowever, and both Omar MNassano and daj Mohased Ooman returned shortly after noon with the news that Avati had given his word that He would surrender unconditional- ly in three duys time (tionday, 30th Culy). Apparently iiaj Mohamed Ovman had broken cown the ‘political’ barrier and this coupled #iti: the bluff of ay departure had brougnt Awati to. nis sentes.

e tien left for K<agvla and tiie Ca Mager area in an endeavour to desl with the Cunsicea tiifte wio nad now austered & etrencth of 140 pervone under “alala and four otier Leaders; they were cunceatrated some 15 xilometres north of Om Hager allesedly bent on destroying watt and unis following. With the nelv of tue “istrict Officer and the ASF. Teseenei, who joined me, it was porsible to rectrict the activities of these Cunama end effect a treak in their rankxs; it then became ano- parent, novwever, thut the leaders were logins control of their mene By Sunday nizht (29-7-.51), it wae clear that the situution was deteriorating and, after returning some stolen cattle to us at @ villese known as Hilla Shek Saleh, 15 kilometres north- west of Om Uaser, the Cunama siifte made off northwards to attack Awati.

7. Sending Omar Haseano tTffendi and tiaj Kohamed Osman on anead to Poco that night to hold Awati in the area, I crossed to Masule to intercert the Cunawa in their drive northwards.

The Cunaan inhabitante of Naguia were utilised to hold the Sunmauea ehifter in check und cetaci tiie Lakatakura elements

(the eub-section living south of Gullui and thoee most vul- nerable to attack by the Beni Amer and the Aawati supporters); with that operation imnlemented, uncer the local Cunama Oude,

by noon the next day, I left for the Poco area — the A-S-?P- Teesenei remeinine behind at Magula to consolidate the position.

Arriving st Foco in the evening, i found that Awati wae awaiting neorby and that he way ready to surrender the next Gay. The ©.o Teseenei was informed and Awati duly arrived at my Cumr in the morning (31-7-51) with his 15 followers; his evurrencer was accepted by tie District Officer at noon.

485 ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ

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8. Tor the time being Aweti intends to remain quietly with his wife in Nadendemi village. jiiv desire, however, is to settle in the Pincundt area wiere ine lived before the war and where his decenzed father was the re- cognized Headaan; lise two brothers are livins across the river Setit from Niacundi,in Itniopia; one ie the Ztaiopian- appointed "eni Amer arbitrator in the area and I suspect Shat Awati's cattle are kept there acrowe the srantier. It ‘8 known that Awati enjoys good relations ~ith the Ethiopian Authorities of Dirkutan and perhaps concidoration should be given to oallowins him to re-form the little settlement of Bincund£’ - preferably at antore - once the Police Poet there hae been re-establisied after the rains. Yith a few rifles Zor protection, I belicve lie would be moet ueceful in eneuring tne security control of the Cetit river area and any thought he, aight have to revert to nie former activities woulc thua be discouraged.

9. in workims to effect the ourrender of Awati, both Ali Nedail and Maj Mohmaed tenan Voluntarily gave their time and vervices; the lstter, particularly, was invaluable und it i@ probuble that the miccess wat alisont entirely due to his interveution. It is my recomaendation that an official letter of appreciution be went to each and perhare consi- deration could te siven to the prevemiation of a euitable gift to He) Lohascd Ceman in recognition of nic serviceno.

The help given ae by Owar itaveeano Effendi wae Oututanding. He wau quite fearlers and hie patience, tact and bearing uv an official of the Adminiutration wah most

praiseworthy. I would like te support a etrong commendation for hie work.

p -- AP Ai ert . ee ==. ( >. ..2 . ርክሌርኤክ፮፩ጊ) ial

SOUS SIONS OF POLICE .

Copies tos $.1.0. Yestern Province.

Sup of Police, “inatern Province.

Political Adviver, reAs Ee. Hews


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ሓምድ እድሪስ ዓዋተ

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አነ ለአምን እቡ፣ አክል-ሕድ ክምለ ገርህቱ አንዴ ገበ ወገልገለ ፍሬ ለህበቱ ለረክብ ሐረሰታይ ዕጹም፣ ኬትባይ - ተአሪክመ እግል መዳግመቱ እብ ዎር-ዎሮ እንዴ ትሰአለ ወወሳይቅ እንዴ ፈተሸ ለአማን እንዴ ሐንፈለ እት ካቲመ ለልአበጹሕ ቲ። |

ኬትባይ ገድም፡ ወክዱ አንዴ ANA: AD NLP PER AIA AA. TL | አማን ተእሪክ ሓምድ አእድሪስ ዐዋቲ አግል ልክተብ ምን ቀድሪ፡ ሐምዳ ጌ ተአሰትህሉ። |

አነ እብ ጀህዊቑ እሊ ክታብ ለቀርኦ አግል ውላድነ ለአማን ጅጀላብ እግል | ለአውርሶ፡ ምንለ አምሩ ልግበአ ወለሐደርኮ እቱ አሕዳሰ ሐበት ኢሐብዐኮ። | ሰበት እሊ፡ እሊ ክታብ እንዴ ትጠበዐ A እዴ ውላድነ በጽሐ ምን ገብእ፡ ለእንዴ ኢቀርኡ ለተርፍ ነፈር፡ ምነ በክቱ ብዞሕ ለተርፍ ምኑ መሰል እ፫።

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