ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥓᥪ ᥖᥥᥛ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥦᥱ ᥘᥤᥖ ᥔᥛᥱ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥖᥨᥐ ᥔᥧᥖ ᥖᥤ ᥐᥧᥢ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥟᥥᥰ ᥡᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥐᥣᥒᥲ ᥘᥦᥢᥴ ᥘᥤᥢ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ 311,699 ᥔᥖ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥐᥤᥱ ᥘᥨᥝᥱ ᥛᥤᥱ ᥖᥣᥱ (120,348 ᥔᥖ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥘᥐ) ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥗᥪᥒ 96 ᥛᥤᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ ᥕᥢᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥐᥩᥙ ᥘᥣᥭᥴ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥛᥱ ᥙᥣᥖ ᥔᥤᥙ ᥞᥣᥳ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥛᥴ ᥔᥤᥴ ᥙᥫᥢ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥘᥭᥳ, ᥓᥙ ᥐᥢ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ, ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥖᥨᥐ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥱ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥘᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥞᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥤᥱ ᥛᥤᥢᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ.
ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥖᥥᥱ ᥛᥫ ᥟᥥᥱ ᥖᥤᥱ 111 ᥗᥪᥒᥴ ᥟᥥᥱ ᥖᥤᥱ 939 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥘᥭᥲ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥓᥫᥳ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥣᥢᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥞᥩᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫ ᥟᥥᥱ ᥖᥤᥱ 939 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥑᥝᥴ ᥟᥩᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥳ ᥙᥣᥒ ᥖᥪᥐ ᥛᥥ ᥘᥛᥳ ᥙᥖ ᥖᥤᥖ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥓᥝᥲ ᥑᥧᥢ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥭᥳ, ᥖᥤ ᥐᥧᥢ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥟᥥᥰ ᥡᥣᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ, ᥘᥭᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥪᥢᥲ ᥕᥬᥱ ᥞᥪ ᥞᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥤ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥑᥝᥴ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥑᥣᥐ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥗᥦᥒᥲ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ, ᥘᥭᥲ ᥞᥨᥙ ᥔᥤᥛᥰ ᥙᥣᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥡᥣᥛᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥐᥨᥭᥰ ᥝᥣ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ 1887 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥓᥫᥳ ᥑᥧᥢᥴ ᥒᥧᥳ ᥕᥢᥱ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥖᥨᥐ ᥔᥧᥛᥰ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥦᥢ ᥐᥨᥝᥱ ᥘᥨᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫ 1945 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥕᥧᥱ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥧ ᥟᥩᥢᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥞᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥤᥱ ᥛᥤᥢᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ, ᥑᥝᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥩᥖ ᥘᥦᥝᥰ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥗᥦᥒᥲ ᥙᥩᥐ ᥘᥪᥒ ᥕᥝᥳ.
ᥐᥨᥭᥰ ᥐᥣ, ᥝᥣᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥔᥪᥐ ᥐᥛᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥛ ᥙᥣᥖ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥕᥝᥳ, ᥚᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥔᥤᥛᥰ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ 1954 ᥖᥤ ᥙᥣᥒ ᥖᥪᥒ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥦᥒᥰ ᥢᥣᥰ ᥙᥩᥐ ᥐᥛᥰ ᥘᥪᥒ ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥑᥝᥴ ᥟᥩᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥳ ᥗᥦᥒᥲ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥝᥣᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥐᥩᥲ, ᥔᥪᥐ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥖᥥᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥧᥢᥱ ᥛᥤᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥖ ᥟᥢ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥓᥩᥭ ᥗᥦᥛ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥕᥦᥖ ᥡᥣᥰ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥖᥣᥒᥰ ᥓᥩᥭ ᥗᥦᥛ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥣᥱ ᥛᥥᥱ ᥘᥤᥱ ᥐᥢᥱ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ 1975 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ ᥘᥢᥱ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥦᥱ ᥘᥤᥖ ᥟᥩᥒᥱ ᥙᥥᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫ ᥙᥤ 1976 ᥘᥢᥳ, ᥙᥣᥱ ᥖᥤᥱ ᥐᥧᥢᥱ ᥛᥤᥝᥱ ᥢᥤᥖ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥙᥤᥱ ᥕᥦᥖᥱ (CPV) ᥘᥢᥱ ᥓᥒᥱ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥖᥥᥱ ᥖᥒᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥔᥨᥝᥱ ᥡᥦᥱ ᥘᥤᥖ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥛᥫ ᥖᥥᥱ ᥛᥢᥰ, ᥘᥩᥒ ᥞᥥᥖ ᥔᥣᥒᥲ ᥟᥣ ᥓᥨᥝᥰ ᥕᥣᥳ ᥕᥒ ᥟᥩᥒᥱ ᥛᥤᥢᥱ. ᥐᥩᥙ ᥘᥣᥭᥴ ᥐᥧ ᥙᥣᥲ ᥐᥧᥱ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥕᥩᥛᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ. ᥗᥪᥒ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥙᥤ 1986, ᥟᥣ ᥓᥨᥝᥰ ᥳ ᥑᥪᥢᥰ ᥛᥥᥰ ᥙᥤᥢᥱ ᥘᥩᥒ ᥓᥤᥰ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥕᥥᥰ, ᥞᥥᥖᥴ ᥓᥤᥰ ᥙᥩᥰ ᥕᥥᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ Market Oriented ᥔᥥᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥟᥢ ᥑᥪᥢᥲ ᥕᥬᥱ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥖᥥᥳ.