Crup (on usipojem q'ab'q'axub'e'alkaqiq') are jun uyab'il uxlab'em ri kaya'taj rumal jun uchikopil yab'il ri kuwinaqirisaj oqanyab'il pa taq uwi' ub'e'al uxlab'al. Le yab'il kub'ano chi kasipoj le upam qulaj, uk'axk'ol retal uxlab'em, ruk' uwinaqirisaxik eta'matal taq uk'utyab'ilal tz'e'qulaj, ko tz'e'nb'al, chi'l ch'e'r qulaj. Kakowinik kuwinaqirisaj nitz'aq k'utyab'ilal, xaq retal, on nimatajem, ri kub'ana wi na we kapaqi' unimatajem pa taq chaq'ab'. Nima chi ronojel k'o jun ukunab'alil ruk' jun retab'alil kunab'al rech taq retwokkunab'al; k'o k'u ri kakoj epinefrina we sib'alaj nimatajinaq. K'o k'u ri kajawatajik kaq'axex pa jun ja kunanib'al.
Are taq kelesataj le wene taq uk'axal xuquje' le qas unimatajem k'utyab'ilal, kasol uxe' crup ruk' le rilik uq'atuxik yab'il (pacha': q'atub'e'al uxlab'em on jun eta'matal ta uwach yab'il pa taq ub'e'al uxlab'al). Nima amaq'el man kajawataj ta eta'mab'al aq'anoq — uq'atuxik kik', k'utb'al b'aqil, on k'iyisanem—. Are jun yab'il ri qas kaya'taj pa jun 15% chi kech ak'alab’, pa taq le 6 ik' chi'l 5 on 6 kijunab'. Man qas ta kaya'taj chi kech nima'q on ri'jab'. Pine' ta pa taq le kixe'al xya'taj loq rumal le q'atuxlab'em, chech le uwachulew rech uqajb'al kaqiq', we uk'axal kamik xew k'o upatan uxajtalil maltyox chech uch'akanik le toq'oj, chech jun rutzilal le ch'ajch'ob'enem chi'l le ucholajil uk'aslemal wokaj.
Taq retal chi'l k'utyab'ilal
editTemplate:Listen Le crup kaq'alajin rumal: qulaj “tz'e'nqulaj”, ko tz'e'nb'al, ch'e'rqulaj(uk'axal ch'ab'al), chi'l uk'axk'olil uxlab'em ri qas kanimataj chaq'ab'.[1]Le qulaj "tz'e'nqulaj" man qas ta kaq'alajisax pacha' junam ruk' le ub'ina'am jun pok on ajpalow awu'nawaj.[2] Le ko tz'e'nb'al kuch'it le q'i'tajem on rumal le oq'ej, xuquje', we kakowinb'ex uta'ik le ak'al are taq uxlanaq, are kub'ij uk’axk’olil nitz’arinaq uwach le ub'e'al uxlab'al. Le ko tz'e'nb'al kaq'alajin unitz'arik are taq kanimataj le crup. [1]
Nik'aj chi k'utyab'ilal ruk'a'am q'aq'al, usipojem jek'b'al kaqiq' (taq q'alajisab'al uk'utyab'ilal jun b'arb'atem), xuquje' uk'axal le uwach k'u'xaj.[1][3] Le chub'anem on le upetik chi sib'alaj yawab', are retal jun chi ub'antajik yab'ilal. ref name=Alberta07/>
Taq ya'owinaq
editChi ronojel wa' kak'oxomatajik chi le crup jun yab'il are ya'owinaq jun uchikopil yab'il.[1][4] E k'o nik'aj kakikoj we jun tzij ruk' unimal, xuquje' kuk'a'am usipojem q’axub'e'alqulaj, crup k'axtz'e'nb'alqul, q'atuxlab'em qulaj, usipojem uchikopil qulq'axb'al , usipojem uq'ab'q'axub'e'alkaqiq',chi'l usipojem uq'ab'q'axub'e'alkaqiq' pa pospo'y. Le keb' nab'e taq yab'il kub'ij chi oqan yab'il rumal uchikopil yab'il xuquje' chi ronojel are e ch'uch'uj ruk' taq le k'utyab'ilal; le kajib' uk'isb'al kaya'taj rumal taq uchikopil jastaq are k'ut sib'alaj kenimatajik.[2]
Uchikopil yab'il
editLe crup uchikopil yab'il on usipojem q'axub'e'alqulaj ya'owinaq rumal le uchikopil oqanyab'il rech uxlab'em, are qas le taq ub'antajik 1 chi'l 2, pa le 75% rech taq le k'ulmatajem.[5] Nik'aj chi yab'il e ya'owinaq rumal uchikopil yab'il are:ratza'm A chi'l B, ij, adenochikopil yab'il chi'l uchikopil roqanyab'il choluk'u'x uxlab'al (VRS).[2] Le crup k'axtz'e'nb'alqul are ya'owinaq rumal le molaj kech uchikopil yab'il chi uwach usipojem q'axub'e'alqulaj xa k'ut man k'o ta le taq retal naq'atalik rech yab'il (pacha' q'aq'al, uq'oxom qulaj chi'l uk'iyarem le rajilaxik e saq k'ajk'as).[2] Le ukunab'alil chi'l utzalijisab'al uwach le ukunab'alil are kejunamatajik.[5]
Uchikopib'al yab'il
editLe molaj uchikopib'al yab'il kupa'ij rib' pa: q'atuxlab'em qulaj, usipojem uchikopil qulq'axb'al, usipojem uq'ab'q'axub'e'alkaqiq' chi'l usipojem q'axub'e'alkaqiq'-pa uq'ab' taq pospo'y.[2] Le q'atuxlab'em qulaj are b'anowinaq rumal le Corynebacterium diphtheriae are taq le usipojem uchikopil qulq'axb'al, le usipojem uq'ab'q'axub'e'alkaqiq' chi'l le usipojem q'axub'e'alkaqiq'- pa uq'ab' taq pospo'y keya'taj rumal roqanyab'il uchikopil yab'il ruk' uyakatajem ukab' taq uchikopib'al yab'il. Le uchikopil yab'il qas kakiya' kib' are: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, chi'l Moraxella catarrhalis.[2]
Eta'mab'alil uyab'b'aqil
editLe roqanyab'il uchikopil yab'il ri kuya' le crup kusipojisaj le xul, qulq'axb'al, chi'l le nimaq taq q'ab'q'axb'alkaqiq'[4] xa rumal chi man k'o ta uchayunem le taq saq k'ajk'as (qas pa taq le histiok'ajk'as, linfok'ajk'as, ruwa'l taq k'ajk'as, chi'l e k'i saq k'ajk'as).[2] Le sipojem kuya' jun tz'apib'al pa taq le ub'e'al uxlab'al, ri, we rajawaxik kub'ano chi kajawataj jun uk'iyarem chakunem rech uxlab'em, chi'l le uwojko'rem chi'l uyojojem uya'tajem kaqiq' ri eta'matal pacha' ko tz'e'nb'al.[4]
Usolik uxe' yab'il
edit| Ub'antajik | Ajilab'al ya'tal chech we ub'antajik | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Uk'axal uwach k'u'xaj |
Man k'o taj | Man qas ta k'ax | Xaq retal | Nimatajem | ||
| Ko tz'e'nb'al | Man k'o taj | Ruk' le q'i'tajem |
Pa uxlanem | |||
| Saqtub'em | Man k'o taj | Ruk' le q'i'tajem |
Pa uxlanem | |||
| Ucholajil uk'u'xchomanem |
Xaq retal | Man k'o ta reta'mab'al | ||||
| Rokib'al kaqiq' | Xaq retal | Nitz'arisam | Sib’alaj nitz'arisam | |||
Le crup kasol uxe' pa le ja kunanib'al.[4] Le nab'e ucholajil are relesaxik apachike jun chi q'ateb'al rech uwi' ub'e'al uxlab'al qas pa taq le q'atub'e'al uxlab'em, jun raqan uq'ab' man eta'matal ta pa taq le ub'e'al uxlab'al, man minom ta ya'b'al kaqiq', usipojem rijch'uqb'al, umulinem tzeb'etzik q'an ja',y usipojem uchikopil qulq'axb'al.[2][4]
Man kab'an ta uq'atunem uwach jolomaj rechk'utb'al b'aqil ri naq'tisam ub'anik,[4] xa k'ut we kab'anik, kak'utun na jun unitz'arem le qulq'axb'al, ub'ina'am retal ch'ich' tzinb'al, xa rumal le man minom ta ya'b'al kaqiq', ri kajunamataj ruk' jun ch'ich' tzinb'al pa le ub'antajik. Le retal ch'ich' tzinb'al are jun q'alajisab'al chech le usolik uxe' yab'il, xa k'ut man k’o ta pa le uk'iyal taq k'ulmatajem.[3]
Man qas ta utz nik'aj chi q'atunem (pacha'uq'atuxik kik' chi'luk'iyisanem uchikopil yab'il),wene kuya' q'i'tajem man ajawatal taj, ruk' uk'iyarisaxik le t'ujuwem pa le ub'e'al ri kuya' taq k'eyowal.[4] Pine' le taq uk'iyarem uchikopil yab'il, e riqitajinaq rumal le relesaxik kaqiq' tza'mqulaj, kakowinb'ex kikojik chech usuk'ub'axik le qas uk'axal, are qas xew kekoj pa le uqajb'al le usolik uxe'.[1]We le winaq man kutzir ta ruk' le ukunab'alil ya'talik, kachomax chi rij jun oqanyab'il rech uchikopib'al yab'il; xa k'u jewa' kaya' nik'aj chi usolik uxe'.[2]
Unimatajem
editLe wokchakub'al qas kojom chech uq'alajisaxik unimatajem le crup are le Ucholajil Westley. Kakoj qas chech uq'atuxik chi uwach le rilik pa le ja kunanib'al.[2] Are le rajilab'alil taq riqb'al e q'alajisam xa kumal le job' raqan uq'ab': ucholajil uk'u'xchomanem, saqtub'em (raxpopoj tzu'mal chi'l le taq rijchuqb'al), ko tz'e'nb'al, rokib'al kaqiq' chi'l taq uk'axal. .[2] Le taq riqb'al e ya'tal kumal jujun raqan uq'ab' kek'utun pa le wikiq'ab' kajxukutb'al, chi'l le k'isb'al uwachinem k'o chi uxo'l 0 chi'l 17.[6]
- Jun rajilab'al chi ronojel le ≤ 2 kuq'alajisaj crup man qas ta k'ax. Kakowinik kuq'alajisaj rib' le (tz'e'nqujal), chi'l le ch'e'rqulaj, xa k'ut man k'o ta ko tz'e'nb'al pa uxlanem. [5]
- Jun rajilab'al chi ronojel chi uxo'l 3 chi'l 5 kacholajix pacha' crup xaq retal. Kak'utun ruk' ko tz’e’nb’al ri kab'an uta'ik, xa k'ut man k'o ta k'i retal. [5]
- Jun rajilab'al chi ronojel chi uxo'l 6 chi'l 11 are crup nimatajinaq. Kak'utun xuquje' ruk' jun ko tz'e'nb'al ri man kuya' ta keb'ku'xaj, xa k'ut xuquje' ka'ilitaj pa le uwach k'u'xaj jun retal ukaqonem upam uwach k'u'xaj (le taq tyo'jilal chi kixo'l le k'alk'a'x kakik'aq b'i chi upam).[5]
- Jun rajilab'al chi ronojel ≥ 12 kuq'alajisaj chi kawinaqir na man tz'aqat ta uxlab'al.Le (tz'e'nqulaj) chi'l le ko tz'e'nb'al wene man qas ta e rajawaxik pa we uq'ijol.[5]
85% chi kech ak'alab' ri e k'amom b'i pa aninaq ja kunanib'al kuk'a'am le yab'il pa man qas ta k'ax ub'antajik; Man qas ta k’i mul kanimataj le crup: (<1%).[5]
Q'atenem
editK'i taq k'ulmatajem rech crup e q'atem uya'ik q'atenem chi uwach le chuq'ab'ib'al chi'l le q'atuxlab'em. Xk’o kanoq, le crup xjunamax ruk' le q'atuxlab'em, xa k'ut maltyox chech le taq toq'oj, Man qas ta kaya'taj chi q'atuxlab'em kamik pa we yakatajinaq uwach ulew..[2]
Kunab'alil
editLe ak'alab' ruk' crup rajawaxik sib’alaj ke’uxilanik.[4] Chi kech wa' kaya' cholkunab'al wokkunab'al,xuquje' we nimatajinaq epinefrina. [4] Chi kech ak'alab' ri kuk'a'am nojisanem rech kaqiq' man kaq'ax ta chech 92% rajawaxik kaya' kaqiq' chi kech,[2] xuquje' utz kek'am b'i pa ja kunanib'al pa ilonem ri kuk'a'am crup nimatajinaq.[3] We rajawaxik kaqiq' are utz kakoj chi taq ub'e'al (ruk' utoq'axik jun xolb'al rech kaqiq' chi unaqaj upalaj le ak'al) man qas ta k'ut kuya' q'i'tajem chi uwach ukojik le ch’uqbal chiaj.[2] Ruk' ukunab'alil, man kaq'ax ta chech 0.2% chi kech le e winaq kajawatajik uminik ya'b'al kaqiq'.[6]
Taq wokkunab'al
editK'utunsam chi le taq qasab'al sipojem, pacha' le dexametasona chi'l le budesónida, kakutzirisaj taq uwachinem chi kech ak'alab' ruk' crup, apachike na k'ut ri ucholajil unimatajem.[7] Chi waqib' ramaj kojotalik kariqitaj jun jororem.[7] Pine' kakiriq le uchakunem rayib'em we katij pa chi'aj, kojkunab'al, on chi ujek'ik kaqiq', kajawax pa ub'e'al chi'aj.[4] Ronojel le kajawatajik are' jun utukel retab'alil kunab'al xuquje' qas rech q'alb'al k'u'x. [4] Le taq retab'alil kunab'al rech Dexametasona rech 0.15, 0.3 chi'l 0.6 mg/kg xaq kajunamataj kichakunem.[8]
Epinefrina
editLe crup xaq retal on nimatajinaq, kutzir na pa jun chik'ital uq'ijol ruk' epinefrina uxlab'ib'al.[4] Are taq le epinefrina kuwinaqirisaj chi le unimatajem crup kanitz'ar pa jun 10 k'a 30 kajb'al, le taq utob'anem xew kuch'ij wene keb' ramaj.[1][4] We le rutzirem kak'oji' pa 2 k'a 4 ramaj chi rij le ukunab'alil xuquje' man kawinaqir ta taq k'axk'olil, k'amanaq chi le ak'al kaya' b'e chech kel b'i pa le ja kunanib'al.[1][4]
Nik'aj chik
editPine' solotal uxe' nik'aj chi ukunab'alil le crup, man k'o ta jun kutzujuj tz'aqat k'amb'ejanem pacha' chech ri kikojik. Ujek'ik k'atan uxlab' on kaqiq' on raxqinil kaqiq' are' jun uxe'al ukunab'alil rech utukelal-chajinem, xa k'ut le taq eta'mab'al kunanib'al man e kowinaq taj kik'utunsam le ujikomal [2][4] kamik k'ut man qas ta kakojik.[9] Le ukojik taq kunab'al rech qulaj, ri chi jantaq kuk'a'am dextrometorfano chi'l/on guaifenesina, man qas ta e utz xuquje'.[1] Chi ojer kanoq kajek' heliox (jun cheh jun yuja'nem helio chi'l kaqiq') chech unitzarisaxik le chuq'ab' chech uxlab'em, xa k'ut man qas ta k'o jikomanem k'u'x pacha' chech uya'ik pa kojik.[10] Xa ne le crup are chi ronojel jun yab'il rech uchikopil yab'il, man kekoj ta q'ateb'al uchikopil jastaq, xew we man k'o ta jun oqanyab'il rech ukab' uchikopib'al jastaq.[1] Pa taq k'ulmatajem wene' k'o jun oqanyab'il rech uchikopib'al jastaq, utz le taq antibióticos vancomicina chi'l cefotaxima.[2]gripe Pa taq unimatajem k'ulmatajem uyuja'm rib' ruk' ratza'm A on B, utz kakoj le q'ateb'al uchikopil yab'il e ya'ol kan utijik neuraminija'risanel[2]
Ub'ixik apanoq
editLe crup uchikopil yab'il are jun yab'il utukelal-kojom retal xa k'ut k'o ri kuya' kamikal,man tz'aqat ta uxlab'al chi'l/on tak'anima'.[1] Le taq k'utyab'ilal ke’utzir pa keb' q'ij, xa k'ut kuch'ij k'a wuqub' q'ij.[5] Nik'aj chi k'axk'olil ri man qas ta keya'tajik kuk'a'am: usipojem uchikopil qulq'axb'al, usipojem xo'lpospo'y, chi'l Sipojem pospo'y.[5]
Eta'mab'alil suqyab'il
editLe crup kub'an k'ax chech le 15% chi kech ak'alab', chi uxo'l le 6 ik' chi'l 5 on 6 kijunab'.[2][4] Kuk'utunsaj le 5% chi kech ak'alab' e okisam pa ta le ja kunanib'al.[5] Pa taq junwi k'ulmatajem, kuya' chi kech ak'alab' e nitz'a'q ri k'ate oxib' ik' kalaxik, xuquje' chi kech e nima'q ri 15 kijunab'.[5] Le alab'om kiriqom k'ax pa jun 50% chi kiwach le alitomab', xuquje' k'o jun uk'iyarem ch'ijonem pa taq chaqi'jq'ijol.[2]
B’antal kanoq
editLe tzij “crup” kape chech le uk'u'x tzij ”crup”, rech le Inglés Atam K'ak'arisam ri kel kub'ij "karoq'ow uraqik chi'aj"; we ub’i’ xkoj nab'e mul chech le yab'il pa Escocia, xuquje' xya' nimalaj ub'ixikil pa le ok'al ab' 18.[11] Le crup q'atuxlab'al eta'matal pa ri uq'ijil le Ojer Grecia rech Homero xuquje' man je' ta k'ut xane' k'a pa 1826 ri Bretonneau xuk'exb'alij le crup uchikopil yab'il chech le crup xa rumal le q'atuxlab'em.[12] Le e Aj francia xkib'ij chech le crup uchikopil yab'il "crup man tzij taj" xane' ri “crup” xuq'alajisaj kanoq jun yab'il ya'tal rumal le uchikopil jastaq rech le q'atuxlab'em.[9] Le crup xa rumal le q'atuxlab'em man qas ta eta'matalik maltyox chech le uchakunem le toq'oj q'atenem.[12]
Taq q'alajisab'al
edit- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Template:Cite web
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ Online Etymological Dictionary, croup. Accessed 2010-09-13.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Template:Cite book