Wp/pzh/Rinazawan babaw daxe

Rinazawan babaw daxe (世界歷史) ka, halupas rinazawan niki mia'pialay babaw daxe a saw taxu ohoni a dali, iu kiliwen nu saw a rinazawan (人類歷史).

Minula a rinazawan (史前史)

Kinizu ni pinialay a saw, di Lascaux, France, aliah 15,000 BCE

Riaxen nita ka nahada mina'aisiiyay a damu pinasubil (遺傳) ki mataru rutoh yu saw Homo sapiens. Yasia mataru rutoh haka mia'ida kialiah a minuhuzas mairat ki ita saw, minurunu nahada haiki 4.6 taxu 6.2 hatel-tutun kawas lia.^[1]

Pinalalengan nu saw kaidi Afrika. Apu'apu'an nu saw ka maxa-yaadisaysay buxuan a saw ka, uka buxuan a saw ini pasubil ali'ali liaka maxamut lia, haiki Neanderthal a saw.^[2] Ita saw kabaza'an (智人) haka adamudat buxuan u saw. Ohoda saw ka kalu batu maxabalax. Nahada rahal yu mabaza murubang pinuriahat ki ohoda saw. Aubil a dali ka, aliah 1 tutun 2,000 kawas, nahada liaki reten yuka mabaza paxuruma iu mudalum sakadangi ki ohoda saw.

Mia'pialay a kinairadan (早期文明)

Mabaza paxuruma liaka maxadahu ki kakanen, haki maxabaabah ki saw, marukat ki kinairadan (生活/文化). Maxariak ki kinabaza u muburiak (科技) ka, nah mikita kinula'an ni babaw kawas mukukusa ki saw, nahada liaki sasapal u daran (交通) iu maakakawas ki sawsaw di yaadisaysay a daxe. Minula hada tauretelan (城邦) ki Europe, Asia iu Afrika, maa'isa'isakep ki ada buxuan a saw ka marukat ki kinairadan nisia nisia.

Egypt (埃及)

Binuriakan di Egypt

Minataru ki Egypt kaidi bayu u raxung Nilo (尼羅河) liaki 3500 BC. Isia kia mia'ida magizem dakal 4,000 kawas. Mia'ida mataru a peret nisia ka, mata di maariat Nilo taxu binayu Jebel Barkal (博爾戈爾山) di Sudan. Haki ohoda 30 BC ka riaden ni Roma te-kok (羅馬帝國) liaka maxamut liaki isia.

Rahut Asia (西亞)

Bizu'an ni Sumer.

Sumer (蘇美) ka mia'ida kinairadan babaw daxe. Sumer a saw ka minalaleng di daxe "mabaget a ilas" (肥沃月彎), u daxe Mesopotamia (美索不達米亞) haki 3,300 BC. Paxuruma di raxung Tigris (底格里斯河) iu raxung Euphrates (幼發拉底河) ki yasia.

Indo (印度)

Kinairadan Indo.

Pialay ki kinairadan di zaxit u raxung Indo (印度河) ki 2,600 BC taxu 1,900 BC. Nahada mia'ida a tauretelan di daxe Indo ki ohoda.

Tiong-kok (中國)

Halupas a paling di Tiong-kok.

Tiong-kok ka mia'pialay tauretelan di bayu u raxung Tabarak (黃河). Isia peret Siang (商朝) di Tiong-kok. Bizu'an u sipa (甲骨文) nahada haiki 1,500 BC. Muubil Siang ki Chiu (周朝). Khong-chu (孔子) iu Lo-chu (老子) minairat dulut u peret Chiu. Yamisiw ka ma'adeng a taxakela (思想家), muburiak xias a saadepexan u maxakela laiki tadepexan Ju-ka (儒家) iu tadepexan To-ka. Aubil ka maatatahay a peret (戰國), liaka peret Chin (秦朝) minuriat uka a tauretelan, pakaisakep Tiong-kok ki 221 BC. Kinula'an nimisiw ka tadepexan Hoat-ka (法家). Isia paka bizu maxa'taxupux ki mia'pialay a taupungu (始皇帝). Imisiw ka kasibat saw matu-halupas a paling (長城). Isia 202 BC (dakal Kilisto), peret Han (漢朝) minuriat Chin. Maxa-magizem a daxe haiki Roma te-kok. Aliah muruput ki Han, sasumadan Hut-cho (佛教) ka maxama'adeng di Tiong-kok.^[3]

Piniteret

↑ Chen, F. C.; Li, W. H. (2001). "Genomic Divergences Between Humans and Other Hominoids and the Effective Population Size of the Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees". American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 444–56.
↑ Brown, Cynthia; 布朗 (2017). 大歷史:從宇宙大霹靂到今天的人類世界. Cynthia Stokes Brown, Huijun Yang, Yaowei Cai, 楊惠君, 蔡耀緯. 台北市: 馬可孛羅文化出版. ISBN 978-986-95103-6-3. OCLC 1022964571.
↑ Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (2006). China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01828-0.

Sapal

World History Portal - Encyclopedia Britannica

[1] Chen, F. C.; Li, W. H. (2001). "Genomic Divergences Between Humans and Other Hominoids and the Effective Population Size of the Common Ancestor of Humans and Chimpanzees". American Journal of Human Genetics. 68 (2): 444–56.

[2] Brown, Cynthia; 布朗 (2017). 大歷史:從宇宙大霹靂到今天的人類世界. Cynthia Stokes Brown, Huijun Yang, Yaowei Cai, 楊惠君, 蔡耀緯. 台北市: 馬可孛羅文化出版. ISBN 978-986-95103-6-3. OCLC 1022964571.

[3] Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (2006). China. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01828-0.

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