| AbaNdebele | ||
| ||
| Abomma base Loopspruit Cultural Village, ngaseBronkhorstspruit | ||
| Ubuningi be sitjhaba | ||
| 1.1 million (2011 Census) | ||
| Lapho batholakala ngobuningi | ||
| Mpumalanga, Gauteng ne Limpopo Province | ||
| Amalimi esitjhaba | ||
| IsiNdebele | ||
| Isiqhema sekolo | ||
| Isikreste, Amasiko | ||
| Ukuhlobana ngobutjhaba | ||
| AbaNguni | ||
AmaNdebele kusitjhaba sabantu esitholakala enarheni yeSewula Afrika. Isitjhaba lesi sihlukaniswa ngeeqhema ezimbili, isitjhaba sakwaManala begodu nesakwaNdzundza. [1]
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Umlando wamaNdebele uthoma ngekosi uMafana. Ikosi umafana walandelwa nguMhlanga owabeletha uMusi. Ikosi uMusi yathatha igandango bonyana akhambe atjhiye abatjhana bakhe ayokuhlala KwaMnyamana nge-Rhawuteni. Khonapho isitjhaba sahlukana phakathi ngabakwaManala begodu nabakwaNdzundza iinkosi ezhloniphekileko.
Umlando: 1600 - 1880 edit
Ngesikhathi ikosi uMusi a thlogakala ngonyaka ka 1630, kwavuka umraro wokulwela ubukosi ebatwaneni bakhe uManala no Nzunza. Lomraro wahlukanisa isitjhaba samandebele esewula (AbakwaManala) namandebele etlhagwini (abakwaNdzundza nabakwaMthombeni).
Unzuza noMthombeni bakhamba beya ngase Pumalanga batjhinga bakha KwaSimkhulu, etlhagwini leBelfast ngase Pumalanga. Kodwana uMthombeni waragela phambili wanyuka nenarha ngomlambu we Olifant waya ngase tlhagwini begodu wakha ngase Zebediela eLipompo. Umthombeni wathoma wabizwa ngokuthi nguGegana (namkha uKekana).[1]
Ngesikhathi kwaMaza kubusa ikosi uMagodongo, kwafika uMzilikazi abaleke kwaZulu ngestanga sezipi zakaShaka. UMzilikazi wafika wasahlela uMagodongo nesitjhaba sakhe. Uthe bona abulale uMagodongo uMzilikazi, wathumba ifuyo nabafazi wanyuka nenarha watjhinga eTlhagwini, waze wayokunzinza eRhodesia esele yaziwa ngeZimbabwe namhlanje. UMzilikazi wathi nakasahlela uMagodongo kwabe sele adlule ngakuManala, abulele uSbindi. --(Skhosana, 1996, 8)
Ngo 1883, ngesikhathi kubusa uMabhongo kwathoma ipiyombango yabakwaNdzundza namabhulu, bebanga iphasi, amanzi nefuyo. Amabhunawo abeholwa ngu Piet Joubert ahlasela isitjhaba sabandundza iinyanga ezibunane, bonyana uMabhongo nabantu bakhe baveleleke ezintabeni zangase Roossenekal. Amabutho kaMabhongo akwazi bona atjhinge ngemva kwamabhunu ayokukha amazi neziliwo. Kodwana ngemva kukuthumba nokutlhorisa abafazi, omunye wabo watjho bona ikosi uMabhongo ingaphi. Amabhunu akgona ukusahlela athumba ikosi.[2]
Umlando: 1880 - 1994 edit
Imiraro yobukhosi bakwandebele yaragela phambili ngaphasi kwe kosi uNyabela. AbakwaNdzundza balahlekelwa ubukhosi ngitjho nephasi labo, begodu nekosi uNyabela yavalelwa udilika-jele. Amandebele asabalala nenarha, abangamarhoba ngaphasi kwamaplasi amabhunu iminyaka emihlanu (1883 - 1888). Amakhosi akwaManala khange angenele imiraro le begodu isitjhaba sakaManala sakha KoMjekejeke ngase Wallmannsthal, enarheni abayiphiwa zizithunywa zase Berlin.[2]
Ikosi uNyabela Mahlangu watjhaphululwa ngo 1903, ngokuphelakwe miraro yokubanga iphasi yamaBhunu namaNgesi (ngo 1899 - 1902), begodu wahlongakala. Ikosi eyalandela, yalinga ukubawa bona irhulumende ibuyise inarha yabo, kodwana kwabala.
Indlu yobukhosi nesitjhaba yathenga inarha ngo 1922 lapho isitjhaba sakwaNdzundza sabuya sahlangana khona. Ngaphasi kombuso wezamakhaya (bantustan or homeland) amandebele (Abakwa Manala nabakwNdzundza boke) atjhingiselwa kwandebele ngonyaka ka 1979. Kulapha batholakana khulu nanjenganje.[1]
Umlando womlomo edit
Abanye bathi ukuthoma kwebizo lamandebele kusuka ebasuthwuni, bathi "ngamathebe telele", okutjho bona ngabantu abaphatha izihlangu ezide. Bathoma bafujanisa ibizole bathi ngamandebele (Matebele).