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Wp/nd/Ubulepheru

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Ubulepheru, obaziwa godu ngesifo i-Hansen Disease(i-HDbulwelwe obuphikelelako isikhathi eside (kezokulapha)I obubangwamumulwana ofakelana ubulwelweobubizwa ngokuthi yi-Mycobacterium leprae[1]kanye ne-Mycobacterium lepromatosis.[2] Ekuthomeni, akubonakalai nawusathoma ukutheleleka ngobulwelwe lobu begodu akunamatshwayo ngombana ubulwelwe lobu bukgona ukuzifihla iminyaka emi-5 ukuya ema-20.[1] Amatshwayo abonakalakokufaka hlangana ubulwelwe bokuvuvuka i-granulomaobubamba lemizwa, , irherho lezitho zomzimba elisiza ukuphefumula, isikhumba, kanye namehlo.[1] Lokhu kungarholela ukuba ngabi nemizwa yokuzwa ubuhlungu kanye nokulahlekelwa nokuthelelekwa khulu bulwelwe lobu emancebeni nofana kubange amancaba obe ungakawatjheji.[3] Ubuthakathaka kanye nokungaboni kuhle kwamehlo nakho kuyaba khona.[3]

Isifo sesikhumba sobulepheru
Ukuhlukaniswa kweengaba neentlabagelo zangaphandle
Indoda eneminyaka ema-24 ehlala eNorway, itheleleke ngobulwelwe besikhumba ibulepheru, ngo-1886
Indoda eneminyaka ema-24 ehlala eNorway, itheleleke ngobulwelwe besikhumba ibulepheru, ngo-1886
Indoda eneminyaka ema-24 ehlala eNorway, itheleleke ngobulwelwe besikhumba ibulepheru, ngo-1886
ICD/CIM-10A30 A30
ICD/CIM-9030 030
OMIM246300
DiseasesDB8478
MedlinePlus001347

Ubulepheru buthelelaneka hlangana nabantu. Kukholwelwa bonyana itheleleka lokha umuntu nakakhohlelako nofana ukubamba nanyana yini okusamanzana abuya ngeempumulweni zaloyo ongenwe bulwelwe lobu.[4] Ubulepheru buvela khulu hlangana nalabo abaphila ngendlala begodu kukholelwa bonyana itheleleka lokha ophethwe ngibo athimulela omunye.[3] Okuphambeneko neenkolelo ezijwayelekileko, bona abuthathelani ngaleyo ndlela elula.[3] Imihlobo emibili emikhulu yobulwelwe lobu iqathaniswa: nemilwana emibili i- paucibacillary kanye ne- multibacillary.[3] Lemihlobo emibili yobulwelwe ihlukaniswa ngenanipoorly pigmented,ukuvuleka kwamanceba akhona esikhumbeni.[3] Ukutholwa komrabho womrarao kuqinisekiswakusebenzisa i-esidi ekwazi ukutjela ngobulwelwe obubanga umulwana ofakelana ubulwelwe esikhumbeni lapha kunenceba khona, ngokobana kutholakale i-DNAngokusebenzisa i-polymerase chain reaction.[3]

Ubulepheru[1] Ukulatjhwa kobulepheru obubangwa yi-paucibacillary kusetjenziswa iinhlahlai-dapsonekanyenesinye esbizwa ngokuthi yi-rifampicin ezisetjenziswa iinyanga ezisi-6. [3] Ukulatjhwa kobulepheru obubangwa yi-multibacillary kusetjenziswa iinhlahla i-rifampicin, i-dapsone, kanyene-clofazimine iinyanga ezili-12.[3] Ukulatjhwa lokhu kutholakala simahlaehlanganweni yezamaphilo ephasini zombelele i-World Health Organization.[1] Eminye imihobo embalwa yeenhlahla ezilapha imilwana nayo ingasetjenziswa.[3] Ephasini zombelele ngo-2012, zimbalwa izifo eziphikelela isikhathi eside zobulepheru bezibalelwa eegidini ezima-189, 000 ukwehla eengidigidini ezili-5. 2 ngeminyaka yabo-1980.[1][5][6] Inani lezehlakalo ezitjha libalelwa egidigidini ezima-230, 000. [1] Izehlakalo ezinengi ezitjha zenzakala eenarheni ezili-16, lapha i-India kungiyo equkethe isiquntu sesibalo lesi.[1][3] Eminyakeni ema-20 edlulileko, abantu abaziingidigidi ezili-16 ephasini zombelele balatjhwa ubulwelwe bobulepheru.[1] Izehlakalo ezibalelwa kuma-200 zabikwa e-United States emnyakeni owodwa.[7]

Ubulepheru kade bukhona ebantwini ukusukela eminyakeni eziingidi eyadlulako.[3] Ibizo ekubizwa ngalo ubulwelwe lobu lithathelweebizweni lesi-Latinelithi-lepra, elitjho ukuthi "isikhumba sivaleke satjhwabana" ikhisibe igama elithi "Hansen Disease lona lithiyelwelwe ngodorhodere uGerhad Armauer Hansen. [3] Ukuhlukanisa abantu babekweeendaweni ezikhethekileko zokuvalelwa abantu abalatjhwa nobulepherulokho kusenzeka eendaweni ezifana ne-India,[8] e-China,[9] kanye ne-Africa.[10] Nanyana kunjalo, eendaweni ezikhethekileko zokuvalelwa abantu abalatjhwa nobulepheru sele zavalwa ngombana ubulepheru abuthelelani khulu.[10] kizo ngobulepheruzifaka hlangana nomlando ngokwenzekako emandulo, lokhu kuba mraro ukubika ngobulwelwe lobu nokulatjhwa ngesikhathi.[1] Abanye bathatha igama elithi 'leper' njengegama elingahlali kuhle, badlumbana bona bangasebenzisa okungasenani elithi " persons affected with leprosy" okutjho bona abantu abatheleleke ngobulwelwe bobulepheru.[11] Ilanga eligidingwa iPhasi zombelele lokuyeleliswa ngobulwelwe ubulepheru lathoma ukuba khona ngo-1954 ukuyelelisa labo abaphethwe bulwelwe bobulepheru.[12]

isikhombiso esikulayela bona ilwazi elithileko ungalitholaphi encwadini

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 "Leprosy Fact sheet N°101". World Health Organization. Jan 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/. 
  2. ↑ "New Leprosy Bacterium: Scientists Use Genetic Fingerprint To Nail 'Killing Organism'". ScienceDaily. 2008-11-28. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141047.htm. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 Suzuki K, Akama T, Kawashima A, Yoshihara A, Yotsu RR, Ishii N (February 2012). "Current status of leprosy: epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives.". The Journal of dermatology 39 (2): 121–9. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x. PMID 21973237. 
  4. ↑ "Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Transmission". April 29, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/transmission/. Retrieved 28 February 2015. 
  5. ↑ "Global leprosy situation, 2012". Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 87 (34): 317–28. August 2012. PMID 22919737. 
  6. ↑ Rodrigues LC, Lockwood DNj (June 2011). "Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps.". The Lancet infectious diseases 11 (6): 464–70. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8. PMID 21616456. 
  7. ↑ "Hansen's Disease Data & Statistics". http://www.hrsa.gov/hansensdisease/dataandstatistics.html. Retrieved 12 January 2015. 
  8. ↑ Walsh F (2007-03-31). "The hidden suffering of India's lepers". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6510503.stm. 
  9. ↑ Lyn TE (2006-09-13). "Ignorance breeds leper colonies in China". Independat News & Media. http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=117&art_id=qw1158139440409B243. Retrieved 2010-01-31. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Byrne, Joseph P. (2008). Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues. Westport, Conn.[u.a.]: Greenwood Press. p. 351. ISBN 9780313341021. https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC&pg=PA351. 
  11. ↑ editors, Enrico Nunzi, Cesare Massone, (2012). Leprosy a practical guide. Milan: Springer. p. 326. ISBN 9788847023765. https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZQ2k0xgIph4C&pg=PA326. 
  12. ↑ McMenamin, Dorothy (2011). Leprosy and stigma in the South Pacific : a region-by-region history with first person accounts. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 17. ISBN 9780786463237. https://books.google.com/books?id=lZPvQTJ8SE0C&pg=PA17. 
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