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Krak des Chevaliers edit

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Krak des Chevaliers
concentric castle, crusader castle
Part ofCrac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din  
Inception1031  
Native labelKrak des Chevaliers  
Field of workcrusader, Crusades  
CountrySyria  
Located in the administrative territorial entityAl-Husn, Syria  
Coordinate location34°45′25″N 36°17′41″E  
Owned byOrder of Hospitallers  
Significant eventlist of World Heritage in Danger  
Made from materiallimestone  
Main building contractorShibl al-Dawla Nasr, Order of Hospitallers  
Heritage designationpart of UNESCO World Heritage Site  
World Heritage criteriaWorld Heritage selection criterion (ii), World Heritage selection criterion (vi)  
Category for the view from the itemCategory:Views from Krak des Chevaliers  
 

Krak des Chevaliers (Wed-rʋʋdba Krak) ya kʋdemd na-zaka m'be Syria la n leb ya kʋdemd na-zak ninga n ya kẽenga n kogle ni kʋdem yɛl wʋsgo ãndũni pʋge.Zĩiga dag sɩng m'be Kurdis ramba soolmẽ yʋʋm kobre piig la a yembre wakat tɩ ya Kurdish sodaase n dag kogle be ni Mirdasids.Yʋʋm 1142 wakat pʋge la a dag kẽ Raymond π,Count of Tripoli, tɩ ya Knights Hospitaller n dag kõ sor kanga.Tɩ a dag be b soolmẽ wa lʋi yʋʋm 1271 wakat.[1]

Hospitalɛɛrs dãmb lebg n sɩng n met b na-zaka yʋʋm 1140 baobgo la b sa-a-lame yʋʋm 1170 wakato sẽn yɩ wakat ning me tẽn-rĩmsga sẽn wa n sãam na-zaka.[2] Pʋgr rãmb dag n pʋg n geta na-zaks ka tɛkse sẽn be Tripoli Tẽnga taoogẽ, ya tẽng n paam meebo Pipi Kris-net tẽeb zabre. Wed-rʋʋdba Krak ra naaga zĩ-bɛda, la ra le ya kadenga zĩiga la sodaas zĩig me. Meeba a yiib n soab loogr poorã zĩnda yʋʋm koabgẽ 13 soaba, Wed-rʋʋdba Krak tẽn-sʋkẽ na-zaka. Meeba a yiib n soab kãnga mee yĩng lalga la a kõ na-zaka neng-paale. Yʋʋm koabga pipi pʋ-sʋka bilga Wed-rʋʋdba Krak wa "sãnem yʋʋmde". A sẽn wa n be a pii la yiiba wakato, Wed-rʋʋdba Krak ra tara wed-moos bãmb 2 000. Ne b wed-moos sõor kãensa, Hospitalɛɛrs rãmba ra reegda yõod-yaoobo wakat wogl pʋgẽ. N sɩng ne yʋʋm 1250 baobg Hospitalɛɛr Tãnsoben-dãmb arzɛka paama zu-loeese tɩ yʋʋm 1271 Mamluk Sultan Baibars yãmba Wed-rʋʋdba Krak b sẽn zab rasem 36 loogr poorẽ, tõeeme tɩ ya pĩim sebr koɛɛg sẽn yɩ Hospitalɛɛrs Grand Master rãmb nugẽ n kɩt tɩ Tãnsoben-dãmb kõ b mense.[3]

Belem-tɩɩse edit

  1. Sɩngdga
  2. Zĩig belem
  3. Kʋdemde
  • Sɩngr la Kris-neb tẽeb zabr wakato
  • Yaoolem kʋdemde
  1. Rot meeb neer maang bãngr minim
  • Pʋgẽ yaaga
  • Sapɛlle
  • Yĩngẽ yaaga
  • Frescoes
  1. Ges-n-paasga
  2. Sɛb-tũnugdse
  3. Tõkdse
  • Goam sẽn dɩk zĩig n togse
  1. Karem-n-paasga
  2. Kɛɛng wila

Sɩngdga edit

Zaman yaoolem Arabse n boond na-zak qal'a,la Krack des Chevaliers "hisn" ne Syria Arab goam pʋge bɩ 'fort'.Tɩ a yi neb rẽenem pang zĩig n boond tɩ Hosn al-Akràds wilgr tɩ Kurds-ramba kɩdba zĩiga.Ya Franks-ramba dag boola (dila crusaders) le Crat la tɩ a maan nao-koɛɛnd ne Karak le Crac.Crat dag ya France gʋlsg ne Akrād,tɩ a gʋls-biisa wilgdã me ne Kurds.

Ges-n-paasga edit

  • List of castles in Syria
  • List of Crusader castles
  • World Heritage Sites in Danger

Sɛb-tũnugdse edit

a. Guillaume-Rey's 1871 work described it as follows: “LE KRAK DES CHEVALIERS (KALAAT-EL-HOSN) Sur l'un des sommets dominant le col qui met en communication la vallée de l'Oronte avec le bassin delà Méditerranée, se dresse le Kalaat-el-Hosn. Tel est le nom moderne de la forteresse que nous trouvons désignée par les chroniqueurs des croisades sous celui de Krak ou Crat des Chevaliers, et appelée chez les historiens arabes Château des Curdes. [Translation: On one of the peaks overlooking the pass that connects the Orontes valley with the Mediterranean basin, stands the Kalaat el-Hosn. This is the modern name of the fortress that we find the chroniclers of the Crusades designated by the name of Krak or Crat of the Knights, and was named by the Arab historians ‘’Castle of Kurds’’.][10]

Tõkdse edit

  1. Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din, UNESCO, retrieved 2010-11-08
  2. UNESCO and Syrian government documents related to the monument site.
  3. De Lacy O'Leary. Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages. p. 122.
  4. King 1949, p. 83
  5. Setton & Hazard 1977, p. 152
  6. Frank". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  7. Latin". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  8. Saracen". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  9. Kennedy 1994, p. 146, n. 4
  10. Guillaume-Rey 1871, p. 39.
  11. Lepage 2002, p. 77
  12. Kennedy 1994, p. 67
  13. Kennedy 1994, pp. 145–146
  14. Kennedy 1994, p. 62
  15. Salibi, Kamal S. (February 1973). "The Sayfās and the Eyalet of Tripoli 1579–1640". Arabica. Brill. 20 (1): 27. JSTOR 4056003.
  16. Salibi 1977, p. 108
  17. Kennedy 1994, p. 63
  18. France 1997, p. 316
  19. Spiteri 2001, p. 86
  20. Boas 1999, p. 109
  21. Nicholson 2001, pp. 3–4, 8–10
  22. Barber 1995, pp. 34–35
  23. Nicholson 2001, p. 11
  24. Barber 1995, p. 83
  25. Kennedy 1994, p. 146
  26. Kennedy 1994, p. 150
  27. Barber 1995, p. 202
  28. Ellenblum 2007, p. 275
  29. Kennedy 1994, pp. 146–147
  30. Nicholson 2001, p. 23
  31. Kennedy 1994, p. 145
  32. Kennedy 1994, p. 147
  33. Kennedy 1994, pp. 152–153
  34. Kennedy 1994, pp. 147–148
  35. Kennedy 1994, p. 148
  36. Kennedy 1994, pp. 148–150
  37. King 1949, p. 92
  38. King 1949, pp. 88–92
  39. Baybars' siege of 1271". Ministry of Culture. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  40. King 1949, p. 91
  41. Folda, French & Coupel 1982, p. 179
  42. Winter 2019, pp. 227–234
  43. Kennedy 1994, p. 1
  44. Kennedy 1994, p. 3
  45. Kennedy 1994, pp. 5–6
  46. Kennedy 1994, p. 6
  47. Albright 1936, p. 167
  48. Kennedy 1994, pp. 6–7
  49. Darke, Diane (2006). Syria. Bradt Travel Guides. pp. 198–199. ISBN 1841621625.
  50. "General Census of Population and Housing 2004". Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) (in Arabic). Homs Governorate. 2004. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  51. Smith, Eli; Robinson, Edward (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the Year 1838. Vol. 3. Crocker and Brewster. p. 181.
  52. "Director-General of UNESCO appeals for protection of Syria's cultural heritage". UNESCO. United Nations. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2012.
  53. Fisk, Robert (5 August 2012). "Robert Fisk: Syria's ancient treasures pulverised". The Independent. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
  54. "Latest victim of Syria air strikes: Famed Krak des Chevaliers castle". Middle East Online. 13 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  55. "Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  56. DeVries 1992, p. 231
  57. Kennedy 1994, p. 9
  58. Boas 1999, p. 110
  59. Kennedy 1994, p. 163
  60. Kennedy 1994, p. 159
  61. King 1949, p. 88
  62. Kennedy 1994, pp. 158–161, 163
  63. Kennedy 1994, pp. 161–162
  64. Folda, French & Coupel 1982, pp. 178–179
  65. Brown 2004, p. 62
  66. Kennedy 1994, p. 156
  67. Kennedy 1994, pp. 153–156
  68. King 1949, p. 87
  69. Kennedy 1994, pp. 157–158
  70. Numbered list item

Goam sẽn dɩk zĩig n togse

  • Albright, W. F. (1936), "Archaeological Exploration and Excavation in Palestine and Syria, 1935", American Journal of Archaeology, Archaeological Institute of America, 40 (1): 154–167, JSTOR 498307
  • Barber, Malcolm (1995), The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-55872-3
  • Boas, Adrian J. (1999), Crusader Archaeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East, London: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-17361-2
  • Brown, R. Allen (2004) [1954], Allen Brown's English Castles, Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, ISBN 1-84383-069-8
  • DeVries, Kelly (1992), Medieval Military Technology, Hadleigh: Broadview Press, ISBN 978-0-921149-74-3
  • Ellenblum, Roni (2007), Crusader Castles and Modern Histories, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-86083-3
  • Folda, Jaroslav; French, Pamela; Coupel, Pierre (1982), "Crusader Frescoes at Crac des Chevaliers and Marqab Castle", Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 36: 177–210, JSTOR 1291467
  • France, John (1997), Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-58987-1
  • Kennedy, Hugh (1994), Crusader Castles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-42068-7
  • King, D. J. Cathcart (1949), "The Taking of Le Krak des Chevaliers in 1271", Antiquity, 23 (90): 83–92, archived from the original on 2012-12-23
  • Lepage, Jean-Denis (2002), Castles and Fortified Cities of Medieval Europe: An Illustrated History, McFarland, ISBN 978-0-7864-1092-7
  • Nicholson, Helen J. (2001), The Knights Hospitaller, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85115-845-7
  • Guillaume-Rey, Emmanuel (1871), Etudes sur les monuments de l'architecture militaire des Croisés en Syrie et dans l'ile de Chypre (in French), Paris: Impr. nationale
  • Salibi, Kamal S. (1977), Syria Under Islam: Empire on Trial, 634–1097, Volume 1, Delmar: Caravan Books
  • Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W., eds. (1977), A History of the Crusades, Volume IV: The Art And Architecture of the Crusader, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 0-299-06820-X
  • Spiteri, Stephen (2001), Fortresses of the Knights, Malta: Book Distributors, ISBN 978-99909-72-06-1
  • Winter, Stefan (2019), "Le district de Ḥiṣn al-Akrād (Syrie) sous les Ottomans", Journal Asiatique, 307: 227–234

Kɛɛng wila edit

  • UNESCO Crac des Chevaliers

Sebtiise edit

  1. ↑ UNESCO and Syrian government documents related to the monument site.
  2. ↑ Crac des Chevaliers and Qal’at Salah El-Din, UNESCO, retrieved 2010-11-08
  3. ↑ "Frank". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
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