Koodiyattam (Malayalam: കൂടിയാട്ടം; IAST: kūṭiyāṭṭaṁ; lit. 'bãngr-goamã sẽn naag taab') yaa karẽn-kɛglem sẽn yaa toor-toorã sẽn be Kerala, Ɛnd soolmẽ wã. Yaa lagem-n-taar sẽn be Sanskrit kʋdemdã pʋgẽ ne Koothu, sẽn yaa pĩnd wẽndẽ tʋʋm-no-kãsems sẽn zĩnd Sangam wakatẽ wã. UNESCO wilgame tɩ yaa tẽng ning sẽn tar ninsaalb vɩɩm la b sẽn pa tõe n yã wã meebre.[1][2]
| Country | India  |
|---|---|
| Intangible cultural heritage status | Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, National List for Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) |
| Described at URL | https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/fr/RL/00010, https://ich.unesco.org/es/RL/00010 |
Sɩnga edit
Koodiyattam sẽn dat n yeel tɩ "bãngr-goamã sẽn naag taab n maandẽ" yaa Malayalam, sẽn naag ne Sanskrit teetr tʋʋm ne koothu wã. B maanda yɩɩl-kãnga wẽnd-doog zĩisẽ, tɩ b boond tɩ koothambalams. Yaa bũmb a ye n da ket n be sẽn tũnugd ne pĩnd wẽndẽ Sanskrit teetr ne yɩɩlã. A tara yʋʋm tusr la a sẽn zĩnd Kerala, la a sɩngrẽ pa mi ye. Koodiyattam ne Chakyar koothu ra yaa bũmb nins sẽn da maand n waoogd Wẽnnaam ne kibsã pĩnd wẽndẽ Indi wã wẽnd-doogẽ wã, sẽn yɩɩd fãa Kerala. Koodiyattam ne Chakyar koothu fãa yita pĩnd wẽndẽ kibayã pʋgẽ, sẽn be Sangam sɛbã pʋgẽ naoor wʋsgo, la Pallava, Pandiyan, Chera, la Chola wakatã sẽn pʋglã. B tõe n yãa gʋls-sõamyã sẽn gomd koothu yell Tanjore, Tiruvidaimaruthur, Vedaranyam, Tiruvarur, la Omampuliyur wẽnd-doogẽ wã. B ra get-b lame tɩ b ra segd n yɩɩnda Tevaram la Prabandam yɩɩl n paas n waoogd-b-la. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]
B sẽn gʋls tʋʋm-kãsemsã, pĩnd rĩm-dãmbã be n be be b sʋka. B wilgame tɩ b ra bee tẽn-kʋdemdã pʋgẽ, a Zola la a Pallava wakatẽ. B yeelame tɩ Rajasimha sẽn yaa Pallava rĩmã n gʋls yɩɩl ning sẽn boond tɩ Kailasodharanam wã yaa Tamil.
B tẽedame tɩ a Kulasekhara Varma, sẽn yaa Chera Perumal soolmã rĩm sẽn da be yʋʋm kob-gĩnd-gĩndẽ wã, kɩtame tɩ buud-gomdã lebg sõma, n kɩt tɩ b lebg ne buud-gomd ning b sẽn da gomd ne a Vidusaka wã, la b kɩt tɩ b wilg-a yɩɩlã. A meng gʋlsa yɩɩl a yiib sẽn boond tɩ Subhadradhananjayam la Tapatisamvarana, la a maana sor n na n wilg-b-la b zĩigẽ ne a zoa a ye sẽn yaa brahmaan (Thozhan). B ket n maanda yɩɩl-kãensã. Sẽn pa rẽ, b sẽn da maand yɩɩl nins b sẽn da getã yaa Siktibhadra wã sẽn boond t'a Ascaryacudamani, Nilakantã wã sẽn boond tɩ Kalyanasaugandhika, Bodhayana wã sẽn boond n'a Bhagavadajjuka, Harsa wã sẽn boond yaa Nagananda, la yɩɩl wʋsg sẽn be Bhasa nengẽ, tɩ b boond tɩ Abhiseka ne Pratima.
Dɩbls edit
Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, b sẽn da boond-b koodiyatam wã yaa mizhavu, kuzhitalam, edakka, kurumkuzhal la sankhu. Mizhavu, sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩd a taabã fãa, yaa b sẽn boond tɩ bẽed instrument sẽn yaa Ambalavas Nambiar buudã ned sẽn boond tɩ a Nangyaramma sẽn boond tɩ kuzhithalam (tʋʋmd sẽn yaa wa bẽedã) sẽn dat n yɩɩl ne-a.
Tʋʋmdã mode edit
Sẽn zems ne minim ning b sẽn da tarã, a Koodiyattam wã yaa Chakyars (Kerala Hindus sull) la Nangyaramma (Ambalavasi Nambiar buud-gomdã pagb) n maandã. B yetame tɩ b sẽn boond tɩ "koodiyattam" wã rat n yeelame tɩ b sẽn maand yɩɩl ne taabã rat n yeelame t'a yaa neb wʋsg sẽn be b zĩigẽ wã n tʋmd ne mizhavu bobbõ wã sẽn wẽedã. Sẽn paase, a tõe n yaa gom-biis sẽn yaa no-koɛɛg sẽn be Sanskrit drama pʋgẽ, tɩ b sẽn maan yɩɩl a yembr yʋngo, a sã n wa naag ne a to.[3]
Sẽn yaa-a kãseng yaa Chakyar sẽn maand koothu la koodiyattam sẽn yaa yel-wẽnd wẽnd-doogẽ wã wall koothambalamã pʋgẽ. B pa sak tɩ chakyar pagb nins sẽn boond tɩ Illotammas wã kẽes b toog ye. Sẽn yɩɩd fãa, a Nangyaramma n yɩɩd pagã rolã. Koodiyattam yɩɩl yaa wakat sẽn zãre, la b yaa sẽk n tar sẽk n yɩɩd lɛɛr 12 n ta 150 zãma. Koodiyattam sẽn yaa sõma wã koosda pʋ-tã. Pipi yaa purappadu, tɩ aktorã maand yɩɩl ne dansã nritta. Rẽ poore, yaa nirvahanam ning sẽn wilgd tɩ aktorã tũnugda ne abhinaya n wilg ned ning sẽn yaa a soabã sũ-noogã. Rẽ poore, yaa nirvahanam, sẽn wilgd nebã sẽn maand bũmb ninsã, n kɩt tɩ b sɩngd yɩɩlã. Sẽn paase, b na n maana yɩɩl a Koodiyattam sẽn yaa yɩɩl-kãng meng. Baa ne pipi wã sẽn yaa a yiib wã sẽn yaa yɩɩl a yembr, koodiyattam tõe n tara rol wʋsg sẽn yaa tɩlae ne-a t'a wa maan yɩɩl zĩigẽ. [4]
Chakyar nebã kãsem dãmbã ra zãmsda b kambã bõn-naandsã. Yaa Chakyars bal n maan-a hal n tãag 1950 wã. Yʋʋmd 1955 soabã pʋgẽ, a Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar yɩɩla Kutiyattam wẽnd-doogã taoor pipi naoor fãa,[5] la a paama zu-loees wʋsg ne a Chakyar zãma wã sẽn da yaa kãn-kãe wã. A sẽn yeel woto wã:
Mam nin-buiidã sẽn da ningd m tʋʋm-kãnga (m sẽn maand Koothu la Kutiyattam wẽnd-doogã pʋga pʋgẽ) wã, b tõdgame tɩ m sẽn wa n maan Waikkom wã, b ra tagsdame tɩ b na n yiis-m-la bãens pʋgẽ. Yaa rẽ yĩng la m yi wẽnd-doogẽ wã.
Yʋʋmd 1962 wã, Sanskrit Ranga sẽn yaa Madras tẽnga karen-saamb la Sanskrit bãngd a V. Raghavan taoor-soaba, bool a Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar t'a maan koodiyattam Chennai. Woto yaa pipi naoor a ye sẽn zĩnd pĩnd wẽndẽ tɩ b maan koodiyattam ne neb sẽn be Kerala soolmẽ wã.[6][7] B wilga yʋngo a tãab pʋgẽ koodiyattam sẽn yit filimã Abhiṣeka, Subhadrādhanañjaya la Nāgānda pʋgẽ.[8]
Yʋʋmd 1960 wã sɩngrẽ, Polõg karen-biiga Maria Christoffer Byrski sẽn da zãmsd Indɩt teetr wã pʋgẽ, a zãmsda koodiyattam ne Mani Madhava Chakyar la a lebga pipi sẽn pa Chakyar/nambiar sẽn zãms metrã. A ra bee a Guru wã zakẽ, Killikkurussimangalam, n zãmsd Biiblã ne a sẽn tũud a Gurukula wã. [Tõnd sẽn na n tool-y neda]
Raab-n-taas sẽn tar naam edit
- Mani Madhava Chakyar
- Ammannur Madhava Chakyar, who in the 1980s became one of the first koodiyattam performers to present this art to an international audience.
- A Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyar, sẽn yɩ pipi karen-bi-poak sẽn be Margi wã pʋgẽ yʋʋmd 1981 wã, sẽn yaa Kerala nin-buiidã sẽn get n get n get b minimã yell. A ra yaa a Ammannur Madhava Chakyar zo-rãmba.
- A Mani Damodara Chakyar sẽn yaa a Mani Madhava Chakkiar karen-biiga la a saam-biigã me yaa zak-kẽeng sẽn maand zak-kẽndre.
B sẽn wa n boog b tʋʋmã edit
Koodiyattam ra yaa tʋʋm-no-kãsenga sẽn maand zĩ-bõoneg pʋsẽ, sẽn boond tɩ koothambalams Hindus wẽnd-doogẽ wã. Sẽn paase, b tõe n maana rasem 40 n yaool n maan yɩɩrã. Yʋʋm kobs a 19 soabã pʋgẽ, a Kerala soolmẽ wã, b sẽn wa n pa le tar naam n na n tõog n maan bũmb ninsã kɩtame tɩ b pa le get b sẽn na n maan bũmb nins sẽn na yɩl n paam ligd ye. Yʋʋm kob-gĩnd 20 soabã sɩngrẽ, Koodiyattam leb n paama ligd paoong sẽn wat ne tʋʋm-kãngã pʋgẽ.[9] UNESCO kosa koodiyatam lagem-n-taar la guru-kalsã sẽn na n sõng tɩ b tõog n dɩk b tʋʋm-no-kãnga n kõ beoog-daare, la b sõng tɩ b bãngd b sẽn na n maan bũmb ninsã. Natanakairali sẽn be Irinjalakuda wã yaa bũmb nins sẽn tar yõod wʋsg ne koodiyatam vʋʋgrã wɛɛngẽ. Tʋʋmd a to sẽn be a Thiruvananthapuram wã yaa a Margi Theatre Group sẽn tʋmd ne a Kathakali la a Koodiyattom vʋʋgrã.[10] Sẽn paase, Nepathya yaa sull sẽn get koodiyattamã la a taab sẽn tɩ loe ne a Moozhikkulam[11] wã yelle. Sangeet Natak Akademi, sẽn yaa Ẽnd tẽnga yɩɩl, reem la reem lekollã, kõ-a-la Sangeet Natak Akademi, sẽn yaa kũun ning sẽn yaa kãseng n yɩɩdã sẽn kẽed ne reem lekollã wɛɛngẽ, tɩ b kõ-a kuliyattam-dãmba wala Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri (2007), Painkulam Raman Chakyar (2010) la Painkulam Damodara Chakyar (2012).[12]
Ges-y me edit
Mattavilasam, yaa koodiyattam sẽn yaa wẽn-tũudb sẽn maand wẽn-doog sẽn be Kẽerla rɩtg sẽn wẽnd wa Kottiyoor. Yaa Mani Damodara Chakyar n maan-a.
- Margi Sathi
- Kerala wã minimd
- Mohiniyattam
- Thulall
- Parayan Thullal
- Moozhikkulam Kochukuttan Chakyarã
Sebtiise edit
- ↑ https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kutiyattam-sanskrit-theatre-00010
- ↑ https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00264-EN.pdf
- ↑ http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2012/nov/24/creating-and-destroying-universe-twenty-nine-night/
- ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/arts/theatre/article3631143.ece
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20080215085741/http://www.kerala.gov.in/dept_culture/books.htm
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=a_MvAAAAIAAJ&q=mani+madhava+cakyar
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=7t8ZAAAAMAAJ&q=mani+madhava
- ↑ https://books.google.com/books?id=vW2O6954zhsC&q=mani+madhava+chakyar
- ↑ http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00010
- ↑ http://www.margitheatre.org/
- ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/koodiyattom-festival-begins-at-moozhikulam/article3702197.ece
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangeet_Natak_Akademi
Sẽn paase edit
- Nātyakalpadrumam yaa sebr sẽn gomd koodiyattamã yɛl fãa yelle, a Guru Mani Madhva Chakyar sẽn gʋls
- A Natyakalpadruma (1975), a Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar sẽn gʋls sebr sẽn paam Kerala Sahitya Academy kũun Koodiyattam zugu, bãngdbã sẽn get wa sebr sẽn tar pãnga.
- A Nātya Shāstra, yaa kʋdemd sebr sẽn gomd reem yell tɩ Bharata Muni bilgd Sanskrit reema sẽn da be Gupta soolmẽ wã; b tẽedame tɩ Koodiyattam wã kell n talla reemã sẽn da yaa to-to wakat kãnga.
- Abhinaya Darpana a Nandikeshvara sẽn gʋlsã, yaa tʋʋmd a to sẽn yaa drama teoore, n tõe n mak ne Nātya Shāstra.
- A Farley Richmond, Kutiyattam: Sanskrit Theatre of India (University of Michigan Press, 2002). CD-ROM sẽn tar video-rãmb la vɛrse-rãmba.
- Rajendran C, "Kerala Sanskrit Traditional Theatre" (Calicut Inivɛrsite, 1989)
- Virginie Johan, "Kuttu-Kutiyattam: théâtres classiques du Kerala". Revue d'histoire du théâtre 216, 2002-4: 365 ⁇ 382.
- Virginie Johan, " Pour un théâtre des yeux: l'exemple indien". Coulisses 33, 2006: 259 ⁇ 274.
Zems-n-taase edit
- Wikiquote:Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar/Kutiyattam
- Kudiyattam: A multi-disciplinary sẽn kẽed ne Kerala Sanskrit Teyatr sẽn vɩ wã wɛɛngẽ
- Shulman, David (24 November 2012), "Creating and Destroying the Universe in Twenty-Nine Nights", The New York Review of Books
Culture of Kerala |
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UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity: Music |
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