Wp/lus/Hmunramzirna

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Hmunramzirna hi chhiarkawp péng lian tak pakhat a ni a, péng tam tak lian pui puia ṭhen lehchhawn a ni. Hliam/tihkeh/tihthlèr awm lova taksa herhsawihin a vawnṭhat nihphungte chhuina a ni. Entirnan: Rubber phêkah hian pentuiin rin bial la, rubber chu pawt thlër lovin pawt sàwi tâ la, a pentui chuan bial kaihsawih a la ziak reng a. Chuvangin i bial ziah khan bialna chu vawngṭha lo mah sé, inzawmna a la vawngṭha: a bial kha a rubber i pawh thlèr hma chuan a inzawm reng tho vang. I bial siamin nihphung a vawnṭhat chu inzawmna a ni, bialna erawh a vawngṭha lo thung. Chuvangin hemi chungchang bîkah chuan inzawmna kha vawnṭhat-nihphung kan ti.

Möbius-a puanthem

Hmunramzirna chuan hetiang a entirna hmanga sawifiah theih leh entirna hmanga sawifiah theih lëm loh nihphung tam tak a zir a ni.

Lo chhuah dàn edit

Hmunramzirna hi leitehna chhiarkawpa zawhna ṭhenkhat chhàn tumna aṭanga lo inṭan chho a ni a; Leonhard Euler-a'n kum 1736-a K¨nigsberg Lei Pasarihte a zirbingna thuziak kha hmunramzirna thuziak mumal hmasa bera ngaih a ni.

Hmunramzirna vuah chhan edit

Hmunramzirna hi sap ṭawng chuan topology tih a ni a, chu thumal chu zerman thumal Topologie tih aṭanga thlâk rem a ni a, chu zerman thumal chu Grik thumal τόπος (topos), chu chu hmun tihna, leh λόγος (logos), chu chu zirna tihna, aṭanga lâk lehchhawn a ni. He zerman thumal Topologie tih hi kum 1847-a Johann Benedict Listing-a lehkhabu Vorstudien zur Topologie tiha ziah hmasak ber a ni a, amaherawhchu JB Listing-a hian ziaka a chhuah hma kum 10 vêl zetah a thukhawchang sawinaah a lo hmang tawh a ni.

A bulbal edit

Tunlai hmunramzirna hi khawnkhawmzirna nèn ṭhenhran hleih theih lohvin a inkai bet tlat a, hmunramzirna hi khawnkhawmzirna thukhawchang hmang lo chuan zir theih loh a ni.

A chhiarkawp edit

  Chanchin kimchang : Hmunram

  hi khawnkhâwm lo ni ta se,   hi   khawnpéng chhungkua lo ni ta bawk se. (Chhungkua, khawnpéng tih te hi a phêk hrangah kan hrilhfiah ang).   hian a hnuaia nihphung pathumte khu a neih chuan   hmunramthlá tiin kan sawi ang:

  1. khawnkhawm ruak   leh   te hi  -ah a awm ve ve.
  2.   chhungkhung engzât pawh (chhiarsen loh tiamin) suihkhâwmin   chhungkhung bawk a chhuak.
  3.   chhungkhung bichin intawhnain   chhungkhung bawk a siam chhuak.

Hetiang a chunga nihphung pathumte khi  -vin a neih chuan, kan sawi lâwk angin,   hi hmunramthla kan ti a, kawpchawi ( ) hi Hmunram kan ti. A hmunramthla   hi hriat sâ emaw, bituk sâ emaw a nih chuan, thil awlsam zâwk nan "  hi Hmunram a ni" kan ti mai bawk ṭhin.

Entirna edit

 
  1. Khawnkhawm   hi   lo ni ta se,   hi hmunramthla a ni. Hei hi a të leh mawlmang thei ang ber a nih avangin hmunram holam tiin kan ko.
  2. Khawnkhawm   hi   lo ni leh ta se,   lo ni ve leh thung ta se.   hi hmunramthla a ni. Chutiang zëlin.

Thulâkna edit

  • Munkres, James R., Topology, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 1975
  • von Querenburg, Boto, Mengentheoretische Topologie, 3. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, 2001