Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anԑ yam, mi’ilim nԑ itiŋ lͻ’ͻŋir zamisʋg. Li gbin kiapi an siem la mͻr bi’esʋg ka wan’asik bԑԑ zamisʋg bͻͻdim an si’el, ka wala ka zamisug (education) bԑԑ li kͻn’ nԑ pa’alʋg lini nͻbigid pʋtԑn’ԑr sʋŋͻ. Wan’as bama daamidnԑ tinami na baŋ zamisʋg ka mi lin zԑm si’em ka mԑ nyaŋi sʋŋ ka li kԑŋ tuon. “gbaʋŋ zanmisʋg” tͻn’e mԑ lԑn an pʋtԑn’ԑr nԑ baŋir ka banԑ pʋn dԑŋim zamis nԑ banԑ bԑ sakuya ni zamisid la mͻr.
Zamisʋg nam kͻn’ͻb- kͻn’ͻb bԑdigʋ bԑ. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bԑ nԑ sakur bԑda ni, wԑn wͻͻ Gomena sakur nam la. Zamis kanԑ ka’ sakur dͻͻginԑ, mԑ anԑ zamisʋg kanԑ pʋ pa’an sakur dͻͻginԑ. Mԑŋ zamisʋg mԑ anԑ zamisʋg kanԑ an daar wʋsa ka li yitnԑ mԑŋ bԑllim an si’em. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nԑ dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la pʋdig nԑ zins kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb. Ba si’eba anԑ biis banԑ nan fԑnn zamisim bibaanlig zamisʋg, bikpԑԑmnam zamisʋg nԑ sakur titada zamisʋg. Si’eba gͻsidnԑ ba pa’ala an si.em, wԑn wͻͻ pa’an- pa’an la nԑ sakurbiig la zamisʋg. Zamisug kͻn’ͻb- kͻn’ͻb mԑ anԑ gbaʋŋ banԑ ka ba zamisid, wԑn wͻͻ dini ka ba bʋon ye science education, language education nԑ physical education la.
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la’asidnԑ biis tԑnsin ka pa’ani ba malima nԑ bʋn lini naar ye ba maal. Li tid ti ba nԑ baŋir ka ba an ninsʋma ba yaan. Wala sʋŋid ka si’elnam kԑn tituaa ka kԑt ka ba baŋ yԑl yaa ti kԑnna. La’asʋg zins suŋid zamisʋg bԑdigʋ. Li bʋʋdi anԑ, gomena maalnԑ zamisʋg wada si’eba dini pa’an sakurdͻͻgin kԑn si’em –si’em, dini ka ba pa’aniba, nԑ anͻͻne na nyaŋ bԑԑ nar ye o kԑŋ. Tԑns kͻn’ͻb -kͻn’ͻb laasʋg nam, wԑn wͻͻ UNESCO ԑnti sʋŋid biis sakur zamisʋg yela.
Si’elnam bԑdigʋ pa’al ye sakurzamisʋg la kԑn tuon. Bʋn banԑ ka ti pʋ nyԑntaa ka lԑԑ bԑ ti zugin la’amnԑ dini kpiemisidi ti, ti miilim, nԑ ti bԑlim an si’em. Bunbanԑ naamidi ti yaan, wԑn wͻͻ ti da’as, ti tʋŋ, tinamԑ an pʋ’ab bԑԑ dab la. Bʋn banԑ lԑn paas anԑ ti si’elnam zamisʋg, ti pa’an pa’anib an sʋm si’em nԑ ti duadibi sʋŋid si’em mԑn.
Banԑ gͻsid zamisʋg anԑ sakurzamisʋg dim. Ba kpansidnԑ gͻsid zamisʋg la an si’el, di baasigʋ an si’el nԑ din nyaŋidi maan si’el nԑ ananiŋ si’em sʋŋ ka di kԑŋ tʋon. Sakurnam zamisʋg pudignԑ zins kͻn’ͻb- kͻn’ͻb, si’eba anԑ, philosophy of education, psychology of education, sociology of education, economics of education nԑ comparative education. Ba mԑ lԑn sͻnsid sakur zamisʋg pinl kʋdʋmin si’em. Kʋdʋmin la, ba da pʋ mͻr gbanaa zamisida, di da anԑ nͻͻr pian’ad nԑ agͻsi maal ban maan si’el. Kʋdʋmin gbangmiidib da kԑ ka ba sin’iŋi sͻbid, ka miilim yʋn nͻbig. Din da kԑ ka ba yʋn vʋrig dini kae gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la yʋn pinl dini an gbaʋŋ zamisug yʋ’ʋs. Di pinlig la, gbaŋ zamisʋg da bԑ nԑ tis nimbԑda nԑ pʋʋsim dim. Ban da maal bʋnkanԑ maal gbana la 15th century la kԑ’ ka ba da maal gbana bԑdigʋ ka li zuoe gilig. Din da sʋŋ ka nidib wʋsa mi’ karimʋg. 18th nԑ 19th century la, sͻ wʋsa zamisʋg la da anԑ bʋn sʋŋ. Di da kԑ ya ka biis zamisʋg paae sͻ wʋsa, ka an zaalim ka mԑ an yelkpan ye sͻ mԑkama kԑŋ ti paae yʋm sia.
Li gbin
Sakur gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bԑԑ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg gbin an si’em, nidib bԑdegʋ banԑ mͻr zamisʋg kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb pa’al li li gbin. Bԑdigʋ siak ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anԑ gban’ar kanԑ ka sͻ’ na gban’e ye o zamisi tiak o ya’am, baŋir nԑ o itiŋ pʋʋgin wʋsa. Amaa, nͻngbanwa’ar bԑԑ kati waae ninsaali na an si’em o zamisʋg nya’aŋ. Yinne anԑ ye gbauŋ zamisug bԑԑ zamisʋg bԑ suoya banԑ an sakur kԑn, pa’alig nԑ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Yinne mԑ len anԑ ye gbaʋŋ zamisʋg ka’ suoya ka ba dolla, amaa li anԑ nid ya’a dͻl suoya banna yina ka li na tiak o si’em la. Lin pa’an zamisʋg la nya’sim ka li na nyaŋi tiak saal pʋtԑn’ԑr nԑ o bԑllim.” Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg" yinԑ Latin pian’ad linԑ an educare ni na, ka li gbin anԑ "a-pa’al-sͻ bԑԑ zamisʋg" kati waae saal pʋtԑn’ԑr yela, educere, mԑ lԑn pa’al ye "a-yis-paalʋ, a-gaad-tuon" kati waae saal ningbina yela.
Li buudi
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdig nԑ zin’is kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb. zamisʋg zin’ig la pa’an ye li anԑ sakur zamisʋg (formal), sakur nԑ a-gͻs-ka-zamis (non-formal), bԑԑ a-gͻs-ka-zamis ma’a (informal). zamisʋgnam mͻr bakiri kati wa’ae one zamisid la yʋʋma nԑ zamisʋg la wa’alim paae si’em ben. Bakir si’eba mԑ gͻsidnԑ one zamisid la bԑԑ zamisʋg la yelkpanni an si’em. Si’eba mԑ gͻsidi ban dͻlisid siem pa’an, suor banԑ ka ba dͻl, nԑ li yͻͻd la an siem.
A-pa’al-biig-gbaŋ-yin anԑ non-formal education, one zamisid o biig dʋgʋb anԑ a-gͻs-ka-zamis (informal education).
Pʋdʋgir nam la anԑ formal, non-formal, nԑ informal education. Formal education bԑnԑ sakur dͻͻgin. Din mͻr suor kanԑ ka ba dͻl ka zamisid, ka lԑn mͻr banԑ bԑ tuon nԑ banԑ bԑ nya’aŋ: sakur zamisʋg nannanna mͻr dͻͻd kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb, kati wa’ae sakur bil yʋʋma, nԑ o zamisʋg la paae si’em ben, ka lin yinԑ primary school paae university. Formal education mͻr banԑ gͻsid ka sʋ’ʋ li, gͻmԑna gͻsidi li. Li mͻr yʋʋm ben ka li an tilas ye biig kԑŋ sakuri paae.
Non-formal nԑ informal education zamisʋg ka’ sakur dͻͻginԑ’. Non-formal education bԑnԑ atan’ la tԑnsʋk. li nwԑn wʋʋ formal education nԑ, ba la’asid nԑ, ka mͻri li suori dͻl, ka mͻr gban’ari ba sunya ni. Li zamisʋg si’eba anԑ tutoring, fitness classes, nԑ scouting movement. Informal education zamisʋg pʋ mͻr suori dͻlisida, ka li zamisid nԑ daar wʋsa ka paamid ya’am paasid, lin anԑ a-gͻs-ka-zamis. Lin ka’ wʋʋ formal nԑ non-formal education nam la an siem la, lin pʋ mͻr ye oŋa nar ye o pa’alԑ. Informal education bԑ zin’is babiga. Sͻ’ wʋsa zamisidnԑ o nyͻvʋr ben wʋsa, daar wʋsa mͻr zamisʋg. zamisʋg kaŋa ba biis zamisidi ba dʋadib bʋʋdi pian’ad, nԑ nidibi la la’asi zamis diib maalig.
Zi’esim
Biis bԑ kindergarten sakur dͻͻgin Japan sʋ’ʋlim.
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋdʋgiri an si’em la mԑ lԑn an kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb nͻbigir pʋʋgin. Ban dͻl suor sia pʋdʋgid la yinne an International Standard Classification of Education. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) dim mԑ siaki li ka dͻlli li. Formal nԑ non-formal education paasi li pʋʋgin. Li pa’al pʋdʋgir la kati wa’ae one zamisid la yʋʋma, zamisʋg la mͻr saŋa sia ben, nԑ linԑ ka ba zamisid la zuoe paae si’em ben. Linԑ paas anԑ sͻ’ na mͻr si’el ka nyaan paam suori kpԑn’ԑ zamisʋg zin’ig la, pa’an-pa’an la baŋiri nar ye li paae si’em ben, nԑ one zamisid la na ti yina an si’em o zamisʋg naar saŋa. Pʋdigir la anԑ early childhood education (level 0), primary education (level 1), secondary education (levels 2–3), post-secondary non-tertiary education (level 4), nԑ tertiary education (levels 5–8).
Early childhood education mԑ len an preschool education bԑԑ nursery education. Zamisʋg kaŋa pin’il nԑ biig dʋ’am saŋa ti paae on na pin’il primary school. Li gban’ar anԑ ye li sʋŋ ka biig nͻbig ningbiŋin, pʋtԑn’ԑr ni nԑ o tԑŋ yela an si’em. Li sʋŋid ka biig la nyaŋidi la’asid o taaba nԑ o nͻbigir pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg si’eba an pian’ad, ya’am zamisʋg nԑ on na nyaŋi wԑlig yel. Nwa’ ti’ebid biis ka ba nyaan paae primary education.
Primary school biisi zin’i ma’asim bԑ Bamozai, Afghanistan
Primary (bԑԑ elementary) education pin’il nԑ yʋma anu paae ayͻpͻi, ka zamisʋg la mͻr yʋma anaasi kԑŋ paae ayͻpͻi pʋʋgin. Li pʋ len mͻr suor kanԑ ka sͻ’ na dͻl ka kpԑn’ԑ gaad yʋʋma la. Lin gban’ar anԑ ye li pa’al biis ka ba mͻr baŋir nԑ kariŋ, gbaʋŋ sͻb nԑ kaanlig pʋʋgin. Amaa li zamisʋg la la’am paas ya’am baŋiri bԑ yԑl banԑ gaad (history), tԑngbaʋŋ yela (geography), na’asaa-sͻͻng (sciences), yʋʋma (music), and nԑ ninwisigir (art). Zamisʋg la mԑ len anԑ ye li kԑ ka nͻbigi ba bԑlim pʋʋgin. Zina nwa’, primary education anԑ tilas tԑn’ԑs bԑdigͻ ni. Biis kͻbiga pʋʋgin dʋnia wʋsa, piswai banԑ paae sakur ken sid bԑ primary school.
Secondary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg anԑ linԑ tial primary education. Li mͻr nidib banԑ yi yʋʋma piiga nԑ ayi paae piiga nԑ anii (12 to 18 years). Li pʋdʋgnԑ lower secondary education (middle school bԑԑ junior high school) nԑ upper secondary education (high school, senior high school, bԑԑ college, ka li bԑ kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb tԑŋ wʋsa). Lower secondary education mͻri li zamisʋg naar wʋʋ lin mͻr sͻ’ na an si’em ka nyaan kpԑn’ԑ anina si’em la. Li gban’ar anԑ ye li yaligi ba pʋtԑnda nԑ ba zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li zamisʋg bԑ’ gʋn-gʋn ka pa’alig wʋsa mͻri li suor, ka banԑ pa’an la sͻ’ wʋsa mͻr zin’ig kanԑ ka o pa’an. Li bͻͻdim anԑ ye li pa’al sakur biis ka ba zamis zamisʋg ya’am gʋn-gʋn pa’alig kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb pʋʋgin. Zamisʋg si’eba pa’anni ba nʋ’ʋg tʋʋma pa’ala. Tԑŋ si’eba ni, kpԑla an naar zin’ig ka li an tilas ye biig kԑŋ sakuri paae.
High-school senior (twelfth grade) sakur dͻͻg bԑ Calhan, Colorado, United States
Upper secondary gbaʋŋ zamisug anԑ ye li pa’al nidib ya’am kanԑ ka ba na yina paam tʋʋma tʋm ka mԑ len ti’ebi ba ka ba paae tertiary gbaʋŋ zamisʋg. Sͻ’ na niŋ si’em ka paae anina anԑ on na naae lower secondary education. Li zamisʋg la zuoe nԑ. sakur biis la na nyaŋi gaŋ ban bͻͻd ye ba zamis zamis-gʋn si’eba ben. Li zamisʋg naar mͻr gbaʋŋ kanԑ ka ba tisid ka li an high school diploma. Zamisʋg si’eba bԑ secondary education nya’aŋ ka lԑԑ pʋ paas tertiary education nii. Ba la’as banԑ buon post-secondary non-tertiary education ka lin nԑ secondary education dͻl taaba. Amaa, zamis ban anԑ nʋ’ʋg tʋʋma pa’alʋg ye li tiebi ba ka ba yina nyԑ tʋʋma tʋm.
Sakur biis banԑ bԑ laboratory, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University
Tԑŋ sieba ni, tertiary education ba lԑn buon ye higher education amaa zin’ig si’eba, tertiary education anԑ linԑ yalim. Li la’am pa’as secondary education amaa ka sͻ’ wʋsa zamisid zamisʋg gʋn-gʋn. lin naar di’ed kasԑta gbaʋŋ kanԑ an academic degree. Li mͻr pʋdʋgir anaasi: saŋa bi’ela (short-cycle) tertiary, Bachelor's, Master's, nԑ doctoral level of education.
Short-cycle tertiary education gͻsidnԑ nʋ’ʋg tʋʋma yela. Li si’eba anԑ advanced vocational nԑ professional training ye li tieb sakur biis ka ba yina nyԑ tʋʋma tʋm. Bachelor's level education mԑ anԑ undergraduate education. Lin yʋʋgidi gat short-cycle tertiary education. Zamis ban bԑnԑ universities ka li zamisʋg naar mͻr kasԑta gbaʋŋ kanԑ buon bachelor's degree. Master's level education ni, sͻ’ wʋsa mͻr o zamis gʋnni gaad undergraduate education. Doctoral level education naar mͻr kasԑta gbaʋŋ kanԑ buon doctor's degree.
Homeschooling anԑ zamisʋg yinne.
Alternative education anԑ zamisʋg kanԑ bԑԑ li kͻn’ͻ nԑ sakurnamin zamisʋg la. Ba zamisid zin’is bԑdigͻ, ka pa’an zamisa gʋn-gʋn, ka pa’anib nԑ sakur biis la mͻr nͻͻr yinne nԑ taaba. Alternative schooling zamisʋg nii, mugusug kae tis pa’anib bԑԑ sakur biis la, zamisʋg dͻͻg la pʋ paae sakur dͻͻgͻ. zamis kaŋa ni, sͻ’ wʋsa ya’am dignԑ ka zamisʋg zin’ig la mԑ an sʋŋa. Alternative education bԑ kͻn’ͻb-kͻn’ͻb ka ba si’eba an charter schools nԑ zamisʋg kanԑ ka ba pa’an biis banԑ mͻr tadiŋ si’eba bԑԑ banԑ ka wina’am tisi ba ya’am gaadi ba taaba. Linԑ len paas anԑ homeschooling nԑ unschooling. Ti mͻr alternative schooling traditions bԑdigͻ, ka ba si’eba an Montessori schools, Waldorf schools, Round Square schools, Escuela Nueva schools, free schools, nԑ democratic schools. Alternative education mԑ len mͻr indigenous education. Ka li gban’ar anԑ ye li pa’al ya’am nԑ baŋir. Zamisʋg kaŋa ba ԑԑnti pian’ vԑnlig ka mԑ mͻr sͻlima li pʋʋgin.
Li tʋʋma
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bԑԑ zamisʋg mͻr sʋŋir bԑdigͻ tis tԑngbaʋŋ, ka li anԑ ti tԑnsin bԑlim, ligidi nyԑԑb yela nԑ ninsaal mԑŋ nͻbigir yela. Ti tԑnsin la, gbaʋŋ zamisiʋg kԑt ka tԑŋ maan ka nͻbigidi kԑn tuon. Li kԑt ka nidib paamid ya’am nԑ baŋir kanԑ ka ba na nyaŋi sʋŋi ba tԑns ka mԑ paam ban bͻͻd si’el. Ti tԑnsin zina nwa’, ya’am bԑdigͻ mͻr bͻͻdim, wʋʋ tinami na nyaŋi pian’ad, karim gbaʋŋ ka mԑ sͻb gbaŋ, ka mԑ maal yel bibis wʋʋ kanlig yela. Li mԑ lԑn pa’an ya’am kanԑ ka ti na mͻr ka zanl na’asaasͻn’ͻg la’ad. Biis kilimid bisʋma tԑŋin yit ya’am bama zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Linԑ paasi ti tԑngbaŋ sʋŋir pʋʋgin anԑ lin kԑt ka biis nyaŋidi la’asidi ba taaba ka zamisid tԑŋ wada nԑ li malima nam la. Li kԑt ka ba baŋid itima banԑ an sʋm nԑ itima banԑ pʋ dͻl tԑngbaʋŋ wadaa. Li anԑ suor kanԑ ka saam nԑ biis dͻlisid ka baŋid malima, nԑ yelsʋma banԑ bԑ tԑngbaʋŋ pʋʋgin. Ninsaalib bԑlim nԑ taaba zamisʋg bԑnԑ la ti nyͻvʋr bԑn wʋsa ka li bͻͻdim tilas an biilim saŋa zamisʋg (childhood education). Li kԑt ka a-la’as-taaba bԑ, nԑ nͻͻryinne linԑ an sʋm tԑngbaŋ nͻbigir pʋʋgin la.
Li tʋʋma sakuya ni
Gͻmԑna lʋga si’eba, wʋʋ Chinese Ministry of Education, mͻr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin.
Lʋga bԑdigͻ mͻr tʋʋma gbaʋŋ zamisʋg yela. Lʋga banԑ an sakurnam (schools), universities, teacher training institutions, nԑ ministries of education namԑ la’asi an gbaʋŋ zamisʋg lʋga. Ba la’asidi tʋmmi ba tʋʋma nԑ lʋga si’eba, dʋadib, tԑŋ kpԑԑmnam, nԑ winpʋ’ʋs dͻͻd. lʋga si’eba anԑ NGOs, professionals banԑ bԑ healthcare, law enforcement, media platforms, nԑ na’adͻͻg kpԑԑmnam. Nidib bԑdegͻ mͻr tʋʋma gbʋaŋ zamisʋg lʋgʋr la ni (education sector). Ba si’eba an sakur biis (students), pa’an-pa’anib (teachers), nԑ sakur sʋ’ʋdib (school principals) nԑ sakur nurse nam nԑ banԑ maan zamisʋg suoya banԑ ka ba dͻlisid ka zamisid (curriculum developers).
Labakʋda
Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pin’ilig yela pa’an suoya nԑ lʋga banԑ bԑ pa’alig nԑ zamisʋg pʋʋgin. Li pa’an bʋn linԑ la’as taaba ka ti yʋ’ʋn mͻr gbaʋŋ zamisʋg nԑ zamis si’eba zina nwa’ la. Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg bԑԑ zamisʋg da pin’il ya ka ba nan pʋ sͻbid gbana nii, kpԑԑmnam da pa’an biis ya’am nԑ baŋir kanԑ ka ba na mͻr ka bԑ titua ba tԑnsin. Pa’an-pa’anib banԑ zamis gbaʋŋ da kae, ka banԑ an kpԑԑmnam pa’an biis ka li kas-kas anԑ ba daar wʋsa bԑlim na an si’em. Nidib da zamisidi yitnԑ pian’ad pʋʋgin, ka mԑ gͻsid taaba itima ka zamisid. Li si’eba da anԑ sͻlima nԑ yʋʋma ka ba da mͻri pa’an ya’am, baŋir nԑ suor dͻlisig kanԑ ka dʋadib bͻͻd ye ba biis dͻl.
Linԑ da an yiiga, ancient civilizations da pin’il nԑ lin yi 3000 paae 1500 BCE bԑ Egypt, Mesopotamia, nԑ North China. Kʋdʋmin zamisʋg da pin’il nԑ sͻb zamisʋg nԑ sakur dͻͻgʋn zamisʋg. sͻb zamisʋg nyaŋi sʋŋ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pin’ilig yela nyaŋi kpԑn’ԑ gbana ni. Li yinԑ sͻb ni ka li an na’ana’a ka sͻ’ na nyaŋi gʋ’ labaya ka nidib bԑdigͻ na nyaŋi paami li. Nwa’ kԑ ka yela bԑdigͻ kԑna wʋʋ gbana banԑ mͻri sͻbid (textbooks), nԑ lʋga si’eba wʋʋ sakurnam.
Linԑ len paasi ti zina gbaʋŋ zamisʋg pʋʋgin anԑ gbaʋŋ zamisʋg na’asaasͻn’ͻg la’ad si’eba kԑna la. La’ad banԑ an computers nԑ internet kԑna kԑ ka gbaʋŋ zamisʋg la’ad zuoe ka mԑ len kԑ ka nidib na nyaŋi bԑ yaan ka zamis gbaʋŋi yi tԑŋ lalli (online education). Nwa’ da an yelkpan COVID-19 pandemic saŋa ka sakur nam da yͻ’ ka si’eba zamisid lalli sa yitnԑ video conferencing bԑԑ zamisʋg kanԑ yitnԑ video lessons nii pa’an biis.