Wp/ksw/ကညီကျိာ်

ကညီကျိာ် မ့တမ့ၢ် ကညီစှီၤကျိာ် (အဲကလံး: Karen language) အံၤ မ့ၢ်ဝဲဒၣ် စံၣ်နိ-ထၢၤဘဲၣ်ကျိာ်တကျိာ်လၢဘၣ်တၢ်ကတိာ်အီၤလၢ ကီၢ်ပယီ ဒီး ကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ် န့ၣ်လီၤ. ကညီကျိာ်အံၤဘၣ်တၢ်ကတိၤအီၤလၢ (၂) ကကွိၢ်ဃၣ်ဃၣ် လၢကီၢ်ပယီၤ တနီသရံၣ်ကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ်, အ့ယါဝၢၤဒံၤကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ်, တကူၣ်ကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ်, ဒီး ဘၢကိကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ် န့ၣ်လီၤ. လၢကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ် တကပၤ ပှၤကတိၤ ကညီကျိာ်အိၣ်ဝဲ (၁) ကကွဲၢ်ဃၣ်ဃၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ. ကညီတၢ်ကွဲးလံာ်န့ၣ်ဘၣ်တၢ်သူအီၤလၢ လံာ်မၠါမၤတၢ်ကွဲးန့ၣ်လီၤ. မ့မ့ၢ်လၢပှၤကညီဖိလၢကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ် မုၢ်နုာ်ကလံၤစိးတဖၣ်သူဝဲဒၣ် လံာ်ရိမဲးတၢ်ကွဲးန့ၣ်လီၤ.

ကညီကျိာ်
စှီၤ
ပှၤတဝီဖိ	ကီၢ်သူလ့ၤ, ကီၢ်ပယီၤ, ကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ်
ထူလံၤလၢ	ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်, ကီၢ်ပယီၤ ကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ်
ကလုာ်ဒူၣ်	ကညီ
ပှၤကတိၤအကျိာ်ခီၣ်ထံး အပှၤနီၢ်ဂံၢ်	(၃) ကကွဲၢ်
ကျိာ်အဟံၣ်ဖိဃီဖိ	စံၣ်နိ-ထၢၤဘဲၣ်ကျိာ် ကညီကျိာ်တဖၣ် စှီၤ-ဘှဲ ကညီကျိာ်
တၢ်ကွဲးအမၠိ	မၠါမၤလံာ်မိၢ်ပှၢ် ကညီလံာ်မိၢ်ပှၢ် လံာ်ရိမဲးလံာ်မိၢ်ပှၢ် Karen Braille
အဖိးသဲစးပတီၢ်
ကျိာ်အိၣ်ဒီးဖိးသဲစး လၢ	ကီၢ်သူလ့ၤ
ကလုာ်ဒူၣ်ဖိဆံးလၢတၢ်ပာ်ပနီၣ် ကျိာ် လၢ	ကီၢ်ကၠီၣ်တဲၣ် ကီၢ်ပယီၤ
ကျိာ်အခိာ်တဖၣ်
ISO 639-2	kar
ISO 639-3	ksw – ခိာ်ပၣ်ဃုာ်တဖၣ် ကစၢ်ဒၣ်ဝဲအခိာ်: ksw – စှီၤ jkp – ပကုး jkm – မိပွါ wea – ဝဲဝီ
Linguist List
Glottolog	sout1554
ကညီကျိာ်တဖၣ်

ကျိာ်ဖးဒ့အိၣ်ဝဲအဃိ တခီၣ်တဘျီန့ၣ် ပှၤပာ်အီၤဒ်ကျိာ်အဂၤန့ၣ်လီၤ. ပကုးကျိာ်ဖးဒ့ အိၣ်လၢမုၢ်ထီၣ်ကလံၤစိး, မိပွါကျိာ်ဖးဒ့ အိၣ်လၢမုၢ်နုာ်ကလံၤစိး, ဝဲဝီကျိာ်ဖၣ်ဒ့ ဒီး မိနဲပွါကျိာ်ဖးဒ့.

တၢ်စံၣ်စိၤ

ကကညီစှီၤအံၤ ပှၤသူအီၤဒ် ကျိာ်လၢဖိးသဲစးလၢ ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ် ဒီးလၢ ကညီဒီကလုာ်စၢဖှိၣ်ကရၢအပူၤန့ၣ်လီၤ. တၢ်ကျိာ်ထံန့ၣ်လံာ်စီဆှံလၢကညီကျိာ်လၢ ၁၈၅၃ နံၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ.

အကလုာ်ကလုာ်

စှီၤကျိာ်ဖးဒ့တဖၣ်

• မုၢ်ထီၣ် ကညီစှီၤကျိာ်ဖးဒ့ (ဖၣ်အၣ်)
• ကလံၤထံး ကညီစှီၤကျိာ်ဖးဒ့ (ဘျံးဒဝဲၢ်)
• ထံထၣ်စွ့ ကညီစှီၤကျိာ်ဖးဒ့ (ထံထၣ်စွ့)

ပကုးန့ၣ်ပှၤသူအီၤလၢ

• ကလံၤစိး ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်: မုၢ်ထီၣ် တီအူကီၢ်ရ့ၣ်
• ကလံၤထံး ကရ့ၣ်နံၣ်ကီၢ်စဲၣ်

ပကုးကျိာ်ဖးဒ့တဖၣ်မ့ၢ်ဝဲ ၡွ့ကၠံၤ, မီခၠံၤ, ကၠီၤကၠံ, ဒီး ဘီကလံၤ န့ၣ်လီၤ.

• ကၠီၤကၠံ ဒီး ၡွ့ကၠံၤ န့ၣ်တၢ်သူအီၤလၢ တီအူကီၢ်ရ့ၣ် လၢ ဘၢကိကီၢ်ခီဒိၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ.
• မီခၠံၤ န့ၣ်ပှၤသူအီၤလၢ ကရ့ၣ်နံၣ်ကီၢ်စဲၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ
• ဘီကလံ န့ၣ်ပှၤသူအီၤလၢ ကလံၤစိး ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်န့ၣ်လီၤ

Phonology

The following displays the phonological features of present S'gaw Karen:

လံာ်ခီၣ်ထံအဖျၢၣ်တဖၣ်

ကညီလံာ်ခီၣ်ထံးအဖျၣ်တဖၣ်

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palato- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p		t			k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ			kʰ
	voiced	b		d
Affricate	voiceless				tʃ
	aspirated				tʃʰ
Fricative	voiceless		θ	s	ʃ		x	h
	voiced						ɣ	ɦ
Nasal		m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Approximant	central	w		ɹ		j
	lateral			l

• An aspirated fricative [sʰ] may be present among different accents and dialects.

တၢ်သီၣ်မိၢ်ပှၢ်တဖၣ်

ကညီတၢ်သီၣ်မိၢ်ပှၢ်တဖၣ်

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
High-mid	e		o
Mid		ə
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a

• /ɨ/ varies between central [ɨ] and [ɯ], depending on the dialect.

လံာ်မိၢ်ပှၢ်

The Karen alphabet consist of 25 consonants, 9 vowels, 5 tones and 5 medials. The Karen alphabet was derived from the Burmese scriptas created by the help of the English missionaries around the early 1860s. The Karen alphabet was created for the purpose of translating the Bible into the Karen language. Karen script is written from left to right and requires no spaces between words, although modern writing usually contains spaces after each clause to enhance readability.

Grouped consonants

က k (kaˀ)	ခ kh (kʰaˀ)	ဂ gh (ɣ)	ဃ x (x)	င ng (ŋ)
စ s (s)	ဆ hs (sʰ)	ၡ sh (ʃ)	ည ny (ɲ)	တ t (t)
ထ hṭ (tʰ)	ဒ d (d)	န n (n)	ပ p (p)	ဖ hp (pʰ)
ဘ b (b)	မ m (m)	ယ y (ʝ)	ရ r (r)	လ l (l)
ဝ w (w)	သ th (θ)	ဟ h (h)	အ vowel holder (ʔ)	ဧ ahh (ɦ)

• က has a sound intermediate between k and g; as in g for good
• ခ is the aspirate of က. It is pronounced like kh as heard in the word camp.
• ဂ has no analogue in the European languages.
• ဃ is pronounced like ch in the German bach, or the Scottish loch.
• င is pronounced like ng as heard in sing
• စ has a sound intermediate between s and z.
• ဆ is the aspirate of စ. It has the sound of ssh, as heard in the phrase hiss him.
• ရှ is pronounced like sh as heard in shell
• ည is pronounced like ny as heard in canyon
• တ has a sound intermediate between t and d; say t without air coming out
• ထ is the aspirate of တ. It is pronounced like ht as heard in the word hot
• ဒ is pronounced like d as heard in day
• န is pronounced like n as heard in net
• ပ has a sound intermediate between b and p; say p without air coming out
• ဖ is pronounced like p as heard in pool
• ဘ is pronounced like b in ball
• မ is pronounced like m as heard in mall
• ယ is pronounced like y as heard in backyard
• ရ is pronounced like r as heard in room
• လ is pronounced like l as heard in school
• ဝ is pronounced like w as heard in wonderful
• သ is pronounced like th as heard in thin
• ဟ is pronounced like h as heard in house
• အ as a consonant, has no sound of its own; it is a mere stem to which vowel signs are attached. Vowel carrier
• ဧ is pronounced as a ɦ sound. See: breathy-voiced glottal approximant

Vowels

Vowels can never stand alone and if a word starts with a vowel syllable, use the vowel carrier "အ" which is silent in order to write words that start with vowel.

Vowels

ါ ah (a)

ံ ee (i)

ၢ uh (ɨ)

ု u (ɯ)

ူ oo (u)

့ ae or ay (e)

ဲ eh (ɛ)

ိ oh (o)

ီ aw (ɔ)

• အ – a in quota
• အါ – a in father
• အံ – i in mean
• အၢ – German ö in Göthe
• အု – German ü in Glück and Korean Hangul character "ㅡ"
• အူ – u in rule, oo in moon
• အ့ – a in rate
• အဲ – e in met
• အိ – o in note
• အီ – aw in raw

တအသီၣ်မိၢ်ပှၢ်တဖၣ်

In Shraw Karen, every syllable consists of a vowel, either alone, or preceded by a single or double consonant. A syllable always ends in a vowel. Every syllable may be pronounced in six different tones of voice, the meaning varying according to the tone in which it is pronounced.

တၢ်အသီၣ်	တၢ်ဆှဲပၠး
ၢ်(အၢသံ)	is pronounced with a heavy falling inflection
ာ်(အးသံ)	is pronounced abruptly, at a low pitch
း(ဖျၢၣ်ဆံး)	is pronounced abruptly at an ordinary pitch
ၣ်(ဟးသံ)	is pronounced with a falling circumflex inflection
ၤ(က့ၣ်ဖိ)	is pronounced with a prolonged even tone

လံာ်ခီၣ်ထံးတဃံးတဖၣ်

လံာ်ခံတခၠီ	လံာ်ခီၣ်ထံး
ှ (hg)	ဂ
ၠ (y)	ယ
ြ (r)	ရ
ျ (l)	လ
ွ (w)	ဝ

ကညီလံာ်တၢ်ကွဲးဒိ -

• ခ + ံ → ခံ,
• လ + ံ + း → လံး,
• က + ၠ +ိ → ကၠိ,
• က + ျ +ိ + ၣ် → ကျိၣ်,