Mɔtalman (Homo sapiens) ɔ mɔtalman tide na di wan dɛn we kɔmɔn ɛn we de ɔlsay na di praymat, ɛn di las spɛshal wan we stil de alayv pan di jɛnɛreshɔn Homo. Dɛn na big big apis dɛn we dɛn kin no bikɔs dɛn nɔ gɛt ia, dɛn kin ebul fɔ waka tu fut, ɛn dɛn gɛt ay sɛns. Mɔtalman gɛt big bren, we de mek dɛn ebul fɔ gɛt mɔ advans kɔgnitiv skil dɛm we de mek dɛn ebul fɔ go bifo ɛn adap na difrɛn say dɛm, divɛlɔp tul dɛm we rili kɔmpleks, ɛn fɔm kɔmpleks sɔshal strɔkchɔ ɛn sivilizayshɔn dɛm. Mɔtalman rili soshal, wit wan wan mɔtalman we kin lɛk fɔ de pan wan mɔlti-layer nɛtwɔk we gɛt sɔshal grup dɛn we de wok togɛda, difrɛn, ɔ ivin kɔmpit – frɔm famili ɛn kɔmpin grup to kɔpɔreshɔn ɛn pɔlitikal stet. As a so, di soshal intarakshɔn bitwin mɔtalman dɔn mek bɔku difrɛn valyu, soshal norm, langwej, ɛn tradishɔn (we dɛn kɔl institiushɔn dɛn togɛda), ɛn ɛni wan pan dɛn de bolster mɔtalman sosayti. Mɔtalman kin rili want fɔ no bak: di want fɔ ɔndastand ɛn inflɔws di tin dɛn we de apin dɔn mek mɔtalman de divɛlɔp sayɛns, tɛknɔlɔji, filɔsofi, lay lay stori, rilijɔn, ɛn ɔda we dɛn fɔ no; mɔtalman de stɔdi dɛnsɛf bak tru tin dɛn lɛk anthropology, soshal sayɛns, istri, sayɛns, ɛn mɛrɛsin. Frɔm Mach 2024, dɛn se i pas 8 bilyɔn mɔtalman dɛn we de alayv. pan ɔl we sɔm sayɛnsman dɛn ikwal to di wɔd "mɔtalman" wit ɔl di mɛmba dɛn na di jɛnɛreshɔn Homo, insay kɔmɔn yus i jɔs de tɔk bɔt Homo sapiens, di wan mɛmba we stil de. Dɛn kɔl di mɛmba dɛm we dɔn day pan di jɛnɛreshɔn Homo as ol mɔtalman, ɛn dɛn kin yuz di wɔd "mɔdan mɔtalman" fɔ difrɛns Homo sapiens frɔm ol mɔtalman. Anatomically modern humans bin kɔmɔt arawnd 300,000 ia bifo na Afrika, dɛn kɔmɔt frɔm Homo heidelbergensis ɔ wan kayn we we tan lɛk dis. We dɛn bin muf kɔmɔt na Afrika, smɔl smɔl dɛn bin tek di ples ɛn bɔn wit di lokal pipul dɛn we bin de trade trade. Bɔku hypothesis fɔ di extinction of achaic human species lɛk Neanderthals inklud kɔmpitishɔn, vaylɛns, interbreeding wit Homo sapiens, ɔ inability fɔ adap to klaymɛt chenj. Fɔ bɔku pan dɛn istri, mɔtalman na bin pipul dɛn we bin de go fɛn animal dɛn ɛn gɛda tin dɛn. Mɔtalman bigin fɔ sho di bihayvya mɔdaniti lɛk 160,000–60,000 ia bifo. Di Niolitik Rivɔlɔshɔn, we bigin na Sawt Wɛst Eshia arawnd 13,000 ia bifo (ɛn sɛpret wan na sɔm ɔda ples dɛn), bin si di we aw agrikalchɔral biznɛs ɛn pipul dɛn bin de liv fɔ ɔltɛm; in turn, dis bin mek di divεlכpmεnt כf sivilizεshכn εn kikstart wan tεm we di pipul dεm bin de kכntinyu (εn de kכntinyu) εn tεknכlכji chenj kwik kwik wan. Frɔm da tɛm de, bɔku sivilizayshɔn dɛn dɔn rayz ɛn fɔdɔm, we bɔku soshiokalchɔral ɛn tɛknɔlɔjik divɛlɔpmɛnt dɛn dɔn mek bɔku chenj dɛn na mɔtalman layf. di jin dεm εn di envayroment de infכlכw di mכtalman bayolojikal vεryushכn pan di kכntribyushכn dεm we wi kin si, di fysioloji, di sik we i kin gεt, di mεntal abiliti dεm, di bכdi saiz, εn di layf span. Pan ɔl we mɔtalman difrɛn pan bɔku kwaliti dɛn (lɛk di we aw dɛn de mek dɛn jɛnɛtiks ɛn di tin dɛn we dɛn de du), mɔtalman de pan di praymat dɛn we nɔ gɛt bɔku difrɛn jɛnɛtiks. eni tu mכtalman at le 99% jεnεtiks sεm. Mɔtalman gɛt dimɔf pan mami ɛn dadi biznɛs: jɛnɛral wan, man dɛn gɛt mɔ bɔdi trɛnk ɛn uman dɛn gɛt ay bɔdi fat pasɛnt. We mɔtalman de yɔŋ, i kin gɛt sɛkɔndari sɛks kwaliti dɛn. di uman dεm kin ebul fכ bεlε, bכku tεm bitwin di tεm we dεn de bכn, we dεn ol arawnd 12 ia, εn we dεn de mεnopos, we dεn ol 50 ia. Mɔtalman de it ɔltin, i ebul fɔ it bɔku bɔku plant ɛn animal tin dɛn, ɛn dɛn dɔn yuz faya ɛn ɔda kayn ɔt fɔ pripia ɛn kuk it frɔm di tɛm we Homo erectus bin de. Mɔtalman kin liv fɔ et wiks we i nɔ it ɛn sɔm dez we i nɔ gɛt wata. Mɔtalman kin de na di de, ɛn dɛn kin slip sɛvin to nayn awa ɛvride. Fɔ bɔn pikin na denja, wit big risk fɔ mek i gɛt prɔblɛm ɛn day. Bɔku tɛm, di mama ɛn di papa kin kia fɔ dɛn pikin dɛn, we nɔ kin ebul fɔ du natin we dɛn bɔn dɛn. mכtalman gεt big, divεlכp hכy, εn kכmpleks prεfrכnt kכtεks, di rijyכn na di bren we de asai wit hכy kכgnishכn. Mɔtalman gɛt bɔku sɛns ɛn dɛn ebul fɔ mɛmba tin dɛn we kin apin to pɔsin; dɛn kin gɛt fes we kin chenj, dɛn kin no dɛnsɛf, ɛn dɛn kin gɛt wan tiori bɔt dɛn maynd. Mɔtalman maynd ebul fɔ introspekshɔn, prayvet tink, imajineshɔn, volishɔn, ɛn fɔm we fɔ si tin bɔt ɛgzistens. Dis dɔn alaw big big tɛknɔlɔjik advansmɛnt ɛn kɔmpleks tul divɛlɔpmɛnt tru kɔmpleks rizin ɛn di transmishɔn fɔ no to di jɛnɛreshɔn dɛn we de kam afta am tru langwej. Mɔtalman in advans tɛknɔlɔji dɔn mek dɛn ebul fɔ spre to ɔl di kɔntinɛnt dɛn na di wɔl ɛn bak na di ɔda spes, ɛn fɔ kɔmand dip inflɔwɛns pan di bayosfia ɛn di envayrɔmɛnt. Di las wan dɔn mek sɔm jiolojist dɛn de mak di tɛm frɔm di we aw mɔtalman sivilizayshɔn kɔmɔt te naw as wan sɛpret jiolojikal tɛm: di Anthropocene (wit anthropo- we kɔmɔt frɔm di Ancient Grik wɔd fɔ "mɔtalman", ἄνθρωπος).
