امریکو آئینو تحتہ ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکاو صدر ریاستو اوچے حکومتو سربراہ بویان فہرست صدر
edit- پارٹیز (جماعت)
آزاد فیڈرلسٹ ڈیموکریٹک ریپبلکن ڈیموکریٹک وگ ریپبلکن
No. [n 1] |
صدر | عہدو گانیتائے | عہدو پیڅھیتائے | پارٹی | مدت [n 1] |
نائب صدر | منصب[1] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | جارج واشنگٹن (1732–1799) [2][3][4] |
اپریل 30, 1789 | مارچ 4, 1797 | آراد | 1 (1789) | جان ایڈمز | "کیاغ نیکی" کانٹینینٹل فوجو کمانڈر ان چیف (1775–1783) | ||
2 (1792) | صدر | ||||||||
2 | جان ایڈمز (1735–1826) [5][6][7] |
مارچ 4, 1797 | مارچ 4, 1801 | فیڈرلسٹ | 3 (1796) | ٹامس جیفرسن | نائب صدر | ||
3 | ٹامس جیفرسن (1743–1826) [8][9][10] |
مارچ 4, 1801 | مارچ 4, 1809 | ڈیموکریٹک- ریپبلکن |
4 (1800) | آرون بر | نائب صدر | ||
5 (1804) | جارج کلنٹن | صدر | |||||||
4 | جیمز میڈیسن (1751–1836) [11][12][13] |
مارچ 4, 1809 | مارچ 4, 1817 | ڈیموکریٹک- ریپبلکن |
6 (1808) | جارج کلنٹن[n 2] مارچ 4, 1809 – اپریل 20, 1812 |
وزیر خارجہ | ||
خالی[n 3] <smallاپریل 20, 1812 – مارچ 4, 1813 | |||||||||
7 (1812) | ایلبرج گیری[n 2] مارچ 4, 1813 – نومبر 23, 1814 |
صدر | |||||||
خالی[n 3] نومبر 23, 1814 – مارچ 4, 1817 | |||||||||
5 | جیمز مونرو (1758–1831) [14][15][16] |
مارچ 4, 1817 | مارچ 4, 1825 | ڈیموکریٹک- ریپبلکن |
8 (1816) | ڈینیل ڈی تھومکنس | وزیر خارجہ | ||
9 (1820) | صدر | ||||||||
6 | جان کوئنسی ایڈمز (1767–1848) [17][18][19] |
مارچ 4, 1825 | مارچ 4, 1829 | ڈیموکریٹک- ریپبلکن |
10 (1824) | جان سی کالہون | وزیر خارجہ | ||
7 | اینڈریو جیکسن (1767–1845) [20][21][22] |
مارچ 4, 1829 | مارچ 4, 1837 | ڈیموکریٹک | 11 (1828) | جان سی کالہون[n 4] مارچ 4, 1829 – دسمبر 28, 1832 |
"کوئی نہیں" سینیٹر (1823–1825) | ||
خالی[n 3] دسمبر 28, 1832 – مارچ 4, 1833 | |||||||||
12 (1832) | مارٹن وان بورن | صدر | |||||||
8 | مارٹن وان بورن (1782–1862) [23][24][25] |
مارچ 4, 1837 | مارچ 4, 1841 | ڈیموکریٹک | 13 (1836) | رچرڈ مینٹور جانسن | نائب صدر | ||
9 | ولیم ہنری ہیریسن (1773–1841) [26][27][28] |
مارچ 4, 1841 | اپریل 4, 1841 [n 2] |
وگ | 14 (1840) | جان ٹائلر | "کوئی نہیں" کولمبیا کے وزیر (1828–1829) | ||
10 [n 5] |
جان ٹائلر (1790–1862) [29][30][31] |
اپریل 4, 1841 | مارچ 4, 1845 | وگ اپریل 4, 1841 – ستمبر 13, 1841 |
خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
آراد[n 6] ستمبر 13, 1841 – مارچ 4, 1845 | |||||||||
11 | جیمز کے پوک (1795–1849) [32][33][34] |
مارچ 4, 1845 | مارچ 4, 1849 | ڈیموکریٹک | 15 (1844) | جارج ایم ڈلاس | "کوئی نہیں" گورنر ٹینیسی (1839–1841) | ||
12 | زچاری ٹیلر (1784–1850) [35][36][37] |
مارچ 4, 1849 | جولائی 9, 1850 [n 2] |
وگ | 16 (1848) | میلارڈ فلمور | "کوئی نہیں"[38] | ||
13 | میلارڈ فلمور (1800–1874) [39][40][41] |
جولائی 9, 1850 | مارچ 4, 1853 | وگ | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
14 | فرینکلن پیئرس (1804–1869) [42][43][44] |
مارچ 4, 1853 | مارچ 4, 1857 | ڈیموکریٹک | 17 (1852) | ولیم آر کنگ[n 2] مارچ 4, 1853 – اپریل 18, 1853 |
"کوئی نہیں" سینیٹر (1837–1842) | ||
خالی[n 3] اپریل 18, 1853 – مارچ 4, 1857 | |||||||||
15 | جیمز بکانن (1791–1868) [45][46][47] |
مارچ 4, 1857 | مارچ 4, 1861 | ڈیموکریٹک | 18 (1856) | جان سی بریکنریج | "کوئی نہیں" امریکہ برطانیہ کے سفیر (1853–1856) | ||
16 | ابراہام لنکن (1809–1865) [48][49][50] |
مارچ 4, 1861 | اپریل 15, 1865 [n 7] |
ریپبلکن | 19 (1860) | ہینبل ہیملن | "کوئی نہیں" ایوان نمائندگان کے رکن (1847–1849) | ||
ریپبلکن نیشنل یونین[n 8] |
20 (1864) | انڈریو جانسن | صدر | ||||||
17 | انڈریو جانسن (1808–1875) [51][52][53] |
اپریل 15, 1865 | مارچ 4, 1869 | ڈیموکریٹک نیشنل یونین;[n 8] آراد[n 9] |
خالی [n 3] |
نائب صدر | |||
18 | اولیسس ایس گرانٹ (1822–1885) [54][55][56] |
مارچ 4, 1869 | مارچ 4, 1877 | ریپبلکن | 21 (1868) | سکایلر کولفیکس | فوج کے کمانڈنگ جنرل | ||
22 (1872) | ہینری ولسن[n 2] مارچ 4, 1873 – نومبر 22, 1875 |
صدر | |||||||
خالی[n 3] نومبر 22, 1875 – مارچ 4, 1877 | |||||||||
19 | ردرفورڈ بی ہیز (1822–1893) [57][58][59] |
مارچ 4, 1877 | مارچ 4, 1881 | ریپبلکن | 23 (1876) | ولیم اے وہیلر | گورنر اوہائیو | ||
20 | جیمز گارفیلڈ (1831–1881) [60][61][62] |
مارچ 4, 1881 | ستمبر 19, 1881 [n 7] |
ریپبلکن | 24 (1880) | چیسٹر اے آرتھر | ایوان نمائندگان کے رکن | ||
21 | چیسٹر اے آرتھر (1829–1886) [63][64][65] |
ستمبر 19, 1881 | مارچ 4, 1885 | ریپبلکن | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
22 | گروور کلیولینڈ (1837–1908) [66][67] |
مارچ 4, 1885 | مارچ 4, 1889 | ڈیموکریٹک | 25 (1884) | تھامس اے ہینڈرکس[n 2] مارچ 4, 1885 – نومبر 25, 1885 |
گورنر نیو یارک | ||
خالی[n 3] نومبر 25, 1885 – مارچ 4, 1889 | |||||||||
23 | بنجمن ہیریسن (1833–1901) [68][69][70] |
مارچ 4, 1889 | مارچ 4, 1893 | ریپبلکن | 26 (1888) | لیوی پی مورٹن | "کوئی نہیں" سینیٹر (1881–1887) | ||
24 | گروور کلیولینڈ (1837–1908) [66][67] |
مارچ 4, 1893 | مارچ 4, 1897 | ڈیموکریٹک | 27 (1892) | ادلائی سٹیونسن اول | "کوئی نہیں" صدر (1885–1889) | ||
25 | ولیم میک کنلے (1843–1901) [71][72][73] |
مارچ 4, 1897 | ستمبر 14, 1901 [n 7] |
ریپبلکن | 28 (1896) | گیرٹ ہوبارٹ[n 2] مارچ 4, 1897 – نومبر 21, 1899 |
گورنر | ||
خالی[n 3] نومبر 21, 1899 – مارچ 4, 1901 | |||||||||
29 (1900) | تھیوڈور روزویلٹ | صدر | |||||||
26 | تھیوڈور روزویلٹ (1858–1919) [74][75][76] |
ستمبر 14, 1901 | مارچ 4, 1909 | ریپبلکن | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
30 (1904) | چارلس ڈبلیو فیئر بینکس | صدر | |||||||
27 | ولیم ہاورڈ ٹافٹ (1857–1930) [77][78][79] |
مارچ 4, 1909 | مارچ 4, 1913 | ریپبلکن | 31 (1908) | جیمز ایس شیرمین[n 2] مارچ 4, 1909 – اکتوبر 30, 1912 |
وزیر جنگ | ||
خالی[n 3] اکتوبر 30, 1912 – مارچ 4, 1913 | |||||||||
28 | ووڈرو ولسن (1856–1924) [80][81][82] |
مارچ 4, 1913 | مارچ 4, 1921 | ڈیموکریٹک | 32 (1912) | تھامس آر مارشل | گورنر نیو جرسی | ||
33 (1916) | |||||||||
29 | وارن جی ہارڈنگ (1865–1923) [83][84][85] |
مارچ 4, 1921 | اگست 2, 1923 [n 2] |
ریپبلکن | 34 (1920) | کیلون کولج | سینیٹر | ||
30 | کیلون کولج (1872–1933) [86][87][88] |
اگست 2, 1923 | مارچ 4, 1929 | ریپبلکن | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
35 (1924) | چارلس جی ڈاس | صدر | |||||||
31 | ہربرٹ ہوور (1874–1964) [89][90][91] |
مارچ 4, 1929 | مارچ 4, 1933 | ریپبلکن | 36 (1928) | چارلس کرٹس | وزیر خزانہ | ||
32 | فرینکلن ڈی روزویلٹ (1882–1945) [92][93][94] |
مارچ 4, 1933 | اپریل 12, 1945 [n 2] |
ڈیموکریٹک | 37 (1932) [n 10] |
جان نینس گارنر | گورنر نیویارک | ||
38 (1936) | صدر | ||||||||
39 (1940) | ہنری اے والیس | ||||||||
40 (1944) | ہیری ٹرومین | ||||||||
33 | ہیری ٹرومین (1884–1972) [95][96][97] |
اپریل 12, 1945 | جنوری 20, 1953 | ڈیموکریٹک | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
41 (1948) | آلبن ڈبلو برکلے | صدر | |||||||
34 | ڈیوائٹ ڈی آئزن ہاور (1890–1969) [98][99][100] |
جنوری 20, 1953 | جنوری 20, 1961 [n 11] |
ریپبلکن | 42 (1952) | رچرڈ نکسن | "کوئی نہیں" سپریم الائیڈ کمانڈر یورپ (1949–1952) | ||
43 (1956) | صدر | ||||||||
35 | جان ایف کینیڈی (1917–1963) [101][102][103] |
جنوری 20, 1961 | نومبر 22, 1963 [n 7] |
ڈیموکریٹک | 44 (1960) | لنڈن بی جانسن | سینیٹر | ||
36 | لنڈن بی جانسن (1908–1973) [104][105] |
نومبر 22, 1963 | جنوری 20, 1969 | ڈیموکریٹک | خالی[n 3] | نائب صدر | |||
45 (1964) | ہیوبرٹ ہمفری جنوری 20, 1965 – جنوری 20, 1969 |
صدر | |||||||
37 | رچرڈ نکسن (1913–1994) [106][107][108] |
جنوری 20, 1969 | اگست 9, 1974 [n 4] |
ریپبلکن | 46 (1968) | سپیرو ایگنیو[n 4] جنوری 20, 1969 – اکتوبر 10, 1973 |
"کوئی نہیں" نائب صدر (1953–1961) | ||
47 (1972) | |||||||||
خالی[n 3] اکتوبر 10, 1973 – دسمبر 6, 1973 |
صدر | ||||||||
جیرالڈ فورڈ دسمبر 6, 1973 – اگست 9, 1974 | |||||||||
38 | جیرالڈ فورڈ (1913–2006) [109][110][111] |
اگعت 9, 1974 | جنوری 20, 1977 | ریپبلکن | خالی[n 3] اگست 9, 1974 – دسمبر 19, 1974 |
نائب صدر | |||
نیلسن راکفیلر دسمبر 19, 1974 – جنوری 20, 1977 | |||||||||
39 | جمی کارٹر (1924– ) [112][113][114] |
جنوری 20, 1977 | جنوری 20, 1981 | ڈیموکریٹک | 48 (1976) | والٹر مونڈیال | "کوئی نہیں" گورنر جارجیا (1971–1975) | ||
40 | رونالڈ ریگن (1911–2004) [115][116][117] |
جنوری 20, 1981 | جنوری 20, 1989 | ریپبلکن | 49 (1980) | جارج ایچ ڈبلیو بش | "کوئی نہیں" گورنر کیلی فورنیا (1967–1975) | ||
50 (1984) | صدر | ||||||||
41 | جارج ایچ ڈبلیو بش (1924– ) [118][119][120] |
جنوری 20, 1989 | جنوری 20, 1993 | ریپبلکن | 51 (1988) | ڈین کوئیل | نائب صدر | ||
42 | بل کلنٹن (1946– ) [121][122][123] |
جنوری 20, 1993 | جنوری 20, 2001 | ڈیموکریٹک | 52 (1992) | ایل گور | گورنر آرکنساس | ||
53 (1996) | صدر | ||||||||
43 | جارج ڈبلیو بش (1946– ) [124][125][126] |
جنوری 20, 2001 | جنوری 20, 2009 | ریپبلکن | 54 (2000) | ڈک چینی | گورنر ٹیکساس | ||
55 (2004) | صدر | ||||||||
44 | بارک اوبامہ (1961– ) [127][128][129] |
جنوری 20, 2009 | موجودہ | ڈیموکریٹک | 56 (2008) | جو بائیڈن | سینیٹر | ||
57 (2012) | صدر |
بقید حیات سابق صدور
editاکتوبر ۲۰۱۲ کے مطابق
صدر | عہدے کی مدت | تاریخ پیدائش |
---|---|---|
جمی کارٹر | 1977–1981 | 1 اکتوبر 1924 | (100)
جارج ایچ ڈبلیو بش | 1989–1993 | Template:Wp/khw/تاریخ پیدائش اوچے عمر |
بل کلنٹن | 1993–2001 | Template:Wp/khw/تاریخ پیدائش اوچے عمر |
جارج ڈبلیو بش | 2001–2009 | Template:Wp/khw/تاریخ پیدائش اوچے عمر |
حوالہ جات
edit- ↑ منصب بوقت رائے شماری بطور صدر
- ↑ The قصر سفید (March 12, 2007). "Biography of George Washington". Whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George Washington – no Political Party – 1st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)". American Presidents: Life Portraits. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Thomas Jefferson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Thomas Jefferson – Democratic-Republican Party – 3rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of James Madison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Madison – Democratic-Republican Party – 4th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of James Madison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Monroe – Democratic-Republican Party – 5th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of John Quincy Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Quincy Adams – Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, WHIG Party – 6th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Andrew Jackson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Andrew Jackson – Democratic-Republican Party – 7th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Martin Van Buren". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Martin Van Buren – Democratic-Republican, Democratic, and Free Soil Party – 8th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of William Henry Harrison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William Henry Harrison – WHIG Party – 9th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of John Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Tyler – آراد – 10th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of James Polk". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Polk – Democratic Party – 11th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James K. Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Zachary Tyler". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Zachary Taylor – WHIG Party – 12th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ Taylor was a soldier who had never held any public or senior military office.
- ↑ "Biography of Millard Fillmore". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Millard Filmore – WHIG Party – 13th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Franklin Pierce". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Franklin Pierce – Democratic Party – 14th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of James Buchanan". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Buchanan – Democratic Party – 15th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Abraham Lincoln". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Abraham Lincoln – Republic, National Union Party – 16th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Andrew Johnson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Andrew Johnson – National Union Party – 17th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Ulysses S. Grant". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant – National Union Party – 18th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Ulysses S. Grant (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Rutherford B. Hayes". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Rutherford B. Hayes – Republican Party – 19th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Rutherford B. Hayes (October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of James Garfield". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James Garfield – Republican Party – 20th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "James A. Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Chester Arthur". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Chester A. Arthur – Republican Party – 21st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Chester A. Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ 66.0 66.1 "Grover Cleveland – Democratic Party – 22nd and 24th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 "Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Benjamin Harrison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William Henry Harrison – Whig Party – 23rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of William McKinley". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William McKinley – Republican Party – 25th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Theodore Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt – Republican, Bull Moose Party – 26th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of William Howard Taft". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William Howard Taft – Republican Party – 27th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Woodrow Wilson". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Woodrow Wilson – Democratic Party – 28th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Warren G. Harding". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Warren Harding – Republican Party – 29th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Warren G. Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Calvin Coolidge". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Calvin Coolidge – Republican Party – 30th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Calvin Coolidge (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Herbert Hoover". Whitehouse.gov. March 13, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Herbert Hoover – Republican Party – 31st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Herbert Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt". Whitehouse.gov. March 20, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt – Democratic Party – 32nd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Harry S Truman". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Harry S Truman – Democratic Party – 33rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Harry S Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Dwight D. Eisenhower". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Dwight D. Eisenhower – Democratic Party – 34th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Dwight D. Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of John F. Kennedy". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John F. Kennedy – Democratic Party – 35th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "John F. Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson – Democratic Party – 36th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Lyndon B. Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Richard M. Nixon". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Richard Nixon – Republican Party – 37th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Richard M. Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Gerald R. Ford". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Gerald Ford – Republican Party – 38th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Gerald R. Ford (July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Jimmy Carter". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Jimmy Carter – Democratic Party – 39th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Jimmy Carter (October 1, 1924 – )". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of Ronald Reagan". Whitehouse.gov. June 25, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Ronald Reagan – Republican Party – 40th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Ronald Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of George Herbert Walker Bush". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George H. W. Bush – Republican Party – 41st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George Bush (June 12, 1924 – )". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of William J. Clinton". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Bill Clinton – Democratic Party – 42nd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Bill Clinton (August 19, 1946 – )". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Biography of President George W. Bush". Whitehouse.gov. February 25, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George W. Bush – Republican Party – 43rd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "George W. Bush (July 6, 1946 – )". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "President Barack Obama". Whitehouse.gov. January 20, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Barack Obama – Democratic Party – 44th President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
- ↑ "Barack Obama (August 4, 1961 – )". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
Cite error: <ref>
tags exist for a group named "n", but no corresponding <references group="n"/>
tag was found