Wp/kge/Aksara Khmer

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Aksara Khmer atawa dilom Bahasa Khmer អក្សរខ្មែរ, Âksâr Khmêr (IPA: [ʔaksɑː kʰmae]) joda da salah osay aksara bujenis Abugida say tigunako untuk nulisko Bahasa Khmer di nagara Kamboja.[1]

Huruf

Konsonan

Konsonan Pocak
Subhuruf
Golar/Nilay ponuh
(rik vokal usungan)
Nilay Konsonan
UNGEGN GD ALA-LC IPA UNGEGN GD ALA-LC IPA

្ក

ka ka [kɑː] k k k [k]

្ខ

khâ kha kha [kʰɑː] kh kh kh [kʰ]

្គ

ko ga [kɔː] k k g [k]

្ឃ

khô kho gha [kʰɔː] kh kh gh [kʰ]

្ង

ngô ngo nga [ŋɔː] ng ng ng [ŋ]

្ច

châ cha ca [cɑː] ch ch c [c]

្ឆ

chhâ chha cha [cʰɑː] chh chh ch [cʰ]

្ជ

chô cho ja [cɔː] ch ch j [c]

្ឈ

chhô chho jha [cʰɔː] chh chh jh [cʰ]

្ញ

nhô nho ña [ɲɔː] nh nh ñ [ɲ]

្ដ

da ṭa [ɗɑː] d d [ɗ]

្ឋ

thâ tha ṭha [tʰɑː] th th ṭh [tʰ]

្ឌ

do ḍa [ɗɔː] d d [ɗ]

្ឍ

thô tho ḍha [tʰɔː] th th ḍh [tʰ]

្ណ

na ṇa [nɑː] n n [n]

្ត

ta ta [tɑː] t t t [t]

្ថ

thâ tha tha [tʰɑː] th th th [tʰ]

្ទ

to da [tɔː] t t d [t]

្ធ

thô tho dha [tʰɔː] th th dh [tʰ]

្ន

no na [nɔː] n n n [n]

្ប

ba pa [ɓɑː] b, p b, p p [ɓ], [p]

្ផ

phâ pha pha [pʰɑː] ph ph ph [pʰ]

្ព

po ba [pɔː] p p b [p]

្ភ

phô pho bha [pʰɔː] ph ph bh [pʰ]

្ម

mo ma [mɔː] m m m [m]

្យ

yo ya [jɔː] y y y [j]

្រ

ro ra [rɔː] r r r [r]

្ល

lo la [lɔː] l l l [l]

្វ

vo va [ʋɔː] v v v [ʋ]

្ឝ

Usang; payjana tipakay untuk ngalambangko bunyi palatal, bih tipakay untuk transliterasi Bahasa Pali atawa Sanskerta[2]

្ឞ

Usang; payjana tipakay untuk ngalambangko bunyi retrofleks, bih tipakay untuk transliterasi Bahasa Pali atawa Sanskerta[2]

្ស

sa sa [sɑː] s s s [s]

្ហ

ha ha [hɑː] h h h [h]

Makka[3] la ḷa [lɑː] l l [l]

្អ

'a ʿʹa [ʔɑː] ' ' ʿʹ [ʔ]
Konsonan
Tambahan
Panjolasan Nilay ponuh
(rik vokal usungan)
Nilay Konsonan Catatan
UNGEGN GD ALA-LC IPA UNGEGN GD ALA-LC IPA
ហ្គ

+ hkâ


hka


hga


[ɡɑː] hk


hk


hg


[ɡ] Cuntuh: ហ្គាស

hkas [ɡaːh]
'gas'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis gaz


ហ្គ៊

+ + diyakritik hkô


hko


hg′a


[ɡɔː] hk


hk


hg′


[ɡ] Cuntuh: ហ្គ៊ារ

hkéar [giə]
'satasiyun sepur'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis gare


ហ្ន

+ hnâ


hna


hna


[nɑː] hn


hn


hn


[n] Cuntuh: ហ្នាំង

/ហ្ន័ងhnăng [naŋ]
'wayang kulit' jak lom Bahasa Thai หนัง

nǎng

ប៉

+ diyakritik


pa


p′′a


[pɑː] p p p′′ [p] Cuntuh: ប៉ាក់

păk [pak]
'nyulam', ប៉័ងpăng [paŋ]
'roti'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis pain


ហ្ម

+ hmâ


hma


hma


[mɑː] hm


hm


hm


[m] Cuntuh: គ្រូហ្ម

kru hmâ [kruː mɑː]
'dukun'; jak lom Bahasa Thai หมอ

mɔ̌ɔ

ហ្ល

+ hlâ


hla


hla


[lɑː] hl


hl


hl


[l] Cuntuh: ហ្លួង

hluŏng [luəŋ]
'rajo'; jak lom Bahasa Thai หลวง

lǔuang

ហ្វ

+ hvâ


hva


hva


[fɑː], [ʋɑː] hv


hv


hv


[f], [ʋ] Tiucakko [ʋ]

dilom ហ្វង់hváng [ʋɑŋ]
'borsih', [f] dilom កាហ្វេkahvé [kaːfeː]
'kopi'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis café


ហ្វ៊

+ + diyakritik hvô


hvo


hv′a


[fɔː], [ʋɔː] hv


hv


hv′


[f],[ʋ] Cuntuh: ហ្វ៊ីល

hvil [fiːl]
'filom'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis film


ហ្ស

+ hsâ


hsa


hsa


[zɑː], [ʒɑː] hs


hs


hs


[z], [ʒ] Cuntuh: ហ្សាស

hsas [ʒaːh]
'jazz'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis jazz

, ភីហ្សាphihsa [pʰiːzaː]
'pizza'

ហ្ស៊

+ + diyakritik hsô


hso


hs′a


[zɔː], [ʒɔː] hs


hs


hs′


[z], [ʒ] Cuntuh: ហ្ស៊ីប

hsib [ʒiːp]
'jeep'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis jeep

, ហ្សឺណេវhsœnév [zəːneːw]
'Jenewa'; jak lom Bahasa Prancis Genève


Vokal

Vokal
posay
IPA GD UNGEGN

[ʔə]

, [ʔɨ] , [ʔəj]

e ĕ

[ʔəj] ei ei

[ʔo]

, [ʔu] , [ʔao]

o ŏ, ŭ

Usang, goh-goh da rik ឧក

[4]

[ʔou], [ʔuː] ou not given

[ʔəw] au âu

[rɨ] rue rœ̆

[rɨː] rueu

[lɨ] lue lœ̆

[lɨː] lueu

[ʔae]

, [ʔɛː] , [ʔeː]

ae ê

[ʔaj] ai ai

,

[ʔao] ao

[ʔaw] au au

[5]

Vokal
Anggantung
Cuntuh IPA[1] GD UNGEGN ALA-LC Catatan
Seri a Seri o Seri a Seri o Seri a Seri o
(Makka)

[ɑː]

, [ɒː] dilom pira diyalik

[ɔː] a o â ô a Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik rik Konsonan rik mak buvokal anggantung.

អា

[aː] [iːə]

[6]

a ea a éa ā Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik

អ៊ា

, seri o jak

, rada sumang jak

. (អ៊ា

~ "udara" vs 
~ "cuping")

អិ

[ə], [e] [ɨ], [i] e i ĕ ĭ i Pronounced [e]

/[i]

in syllables with no written final consonant (a glottal stop is then added if the syllable is stressed; however in some words the vowel is silent when final, and in some words in which it is not word-final it is pronounced [əj]

). In the o-series, combines with final យ to sound [iː] . (Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik)

អី

[əj] [iː] ei i ei i ī

អឹ

[ə] [ɨ] oe ue œ̆

អឺ

[əɨ] [ɨː] eu ueu œ ȳ

អុ

[o] [u] o u ŏ ŭ u Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik. In a stressed syllable with no written final consonant, the vowel is followed by a glottal stop [ʔ]

, or by [k]

in the word តុ tŏk ("table") (but the vowel is silent when final in certain words).

អូ

[ou] [uː] ou u o u ū Becomes [əw]

/[ɨw]

before a final 
.

អួ

[uə] uo ua

អើ

[aə] [əː] aeu eu aeu eu oe Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik

អឿ

[ɨə] oea œă ẏa

អៀ

[iə] ie ia

អេ

[ei] [eː] e é e Becomes [ə]

/[ɨ]

before palatals (or in the a-series, [a]
before [c]
in some words). Pronounced [ae]

/[ɛː]

in some words. Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik

អែ

[ae] [ɛː] ae eae ê ae Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik

អៃ

[aj] [ɨj] ai ey ai ey ai

អោ

[ao] [oː] ao ou o Liyak Modifikasi rik Diyakritik

អៅ

[aw] [ɨw] au ov au ŏu au
Kombinasi IPA GD UNGEGN ALA-LC Catatan
Seri a Seri o Seri a Seri o Seri a Seri o
អុំ

[om] [um] om um om ŭm uṃ
អំ

[ɑm] [um] am um âm um aṃ Kata ធំ

thum ("balak") tiucakko [tʰom] (tapi [tʰum] dilom pira diyalik).

អាំ

[am] [ŏəm] am oam ăm ŏâm āṃ Man ditutul bak

ngô, jadi [aŋ] /[eəŋ] ăng/eăng.

អះ

[ah] [ĕəh] ah eah ăh eăh aḥ
អិះ

[eh] [ih] eh is ĕh ĭh iḥ
អុះ

[oh] [uh] oh uh ŏh ŭh uḥ
អេះ

[eh] [ih] eh éh eḥ
អោះ

[ɑh] [ŭəh] aoh uoh aôh ŏăh oaḥ Kata នោះ

nŏăh ("ina") panday tiucakko jadi [nuh] .

Diyakritik

Diyakritik Golar Khmer Fungsi

និគ្គហិត

nĭkkôhĕt

The Pali niggahīta, related to the anusvara. A small circle written over a consonant or a following dependent vowel, it nasalizes the inherent or dependent vowel, with the addition of [m]
long vowels are also shortened. For details see Modification by diacritics.

រះមុខ

reăhmŭkh
"pudak businar"

Related to the visarga. A pair of small circles written after a consonant or a following dependent vowel, it modifies and adds final aspiration /h/
to the inherent or dependent vowel. For details see Modification by diacritics.

យុគលពិន្ទុ

yŭkoălpĭntŭ

A "pair of dots", a fairly recently introduced diacritic, written after a consonant to indicate that it is to be followed by a short vowel and a glottal stop. See Modification by diacritics.

មូសិកទន្ត

musĕkâtônd
"ipon tikus"

Two short vertical lines, written above a consonant, used to convert some o-series consonants (ង ញ ម យ រ វ

) to a-series. It is also used with

 to convert it to a p sound (see Supplementary consonants).

ត្រីស័ព្ទ

treisăpt

A wavy line, written above a consonant, used to convert some a-series consonants (ស ហ ប អ

) to o-series.

ក្បៀសក្រោម

kbiĕs kraôm

Also known as បុកជើង
bŏk cheung ("collision foot"); a vertical line written under a consonant, used in place of the diacritics treisăpt and musĕkâtônd when they would be impeded by superscript vowels.

បន្តក់

bânták

A small vertical line written over the last consonant of a syllable, indicating shortening (and corresponding change in quality) of certain vowels. See Modification by diacritics.

របាទ

rôbat
រេផៈréphă

This superscript diacritic occurs in Sanskrit loanwords and corresponds to the Devanagari diacritic repha. It originally represented an r sound (and is romanized as r in the UNGEGN system). Now, in most cases, the consonant above which it appears, and the diacritic itself, are unpronounced. Examples: ធម៌
thôrm [tʰɔə]
("dharma"), កាណ៌
karn [kaː]
(from karṇa), សួគ៌ា
suŏrkéa [suəkiə]
("Svarga"). 

ទណ្ឌឃាដ

tôndôkhéad

Written over a final consonant to indicate that it is unpronounced. (Such unpronounced letters are still romanized in the UNGEGN system.)

កាកបាទ

kakâbat

Also known as a "crow's foot", used in writing to indicate the rising intonation of an exclamation or interjection; often placed on particles such as /na/

, /nɑː/ , /nɛː/ , /ʋəːj/ , and on ចា៎ះ

/caːh/

, a word for "yes" used by females.

អស្តា

âsda
"numur walu"

Used in a few words to show that a consonant with no dependent vowel is to be pronounced with its inherent vowel, rather than as a final consonant.

សំយោគសញ្ញា

sâmyoŭk sânhnhéa

Used in some Sanskrit and Pali loanwords (although alternative spellings usually exist); it is written above a consonant to indicate that the syllable contains a particular short vowel; see Modification by diacritics.

វិរាម

vĭréam

A mostly obsolete diacritic, corresponding to the virāma, which suppresses a consonant's inherent vowel.

Angka

Angka Khmer











Angka Arab 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Cuntuh Tulisan

UDHR pasal 1

មនុស្សទាំងអស់កើតមកមានសេរីភាពនិងភាពស្មើៗគ្នាក្នុងសិទ្ធិ និងសេចក្ដីថ្លៃថ្នូរ ។ មនុស្សគ្រប់រូបសុទ្ធតែមានវិចារណញ្ញាណនិងសតិសម្បជញ្ញៈ ហើយត្រូវប្រព្រឹត្ដចំពោះគ្នាទៅវិញទៅមកក្នុងស្មារតីរាប់អានគ្នាជាបងប្អូន ។

Mônŭss teăng ás kaeut môk méan sériphéap nĭng phéap smaeu-smaeu knéa knŏng sĕtthĭ, nĭng séchâkdei thlaithnor. Mônŭss krôb rub sŏtth tê méan vĭcharônânhnhéan nĭng sâtĕsâmbâchônhnheă, haeuy trov brâprœ̆tt châmpŏăh knéa tŏu vĭnh tŏu môk knŏng smarôtei roăp an knéa chéa bâng b'on.

/mɔnuh tĕaŋ ɑh kaət̚ mɔːk̚ miən seːrəjpʰiəp̚ nɨŋ pʰiəp̚ smaəsmaə kniə knoŋ sət̚ nɨŋ seːc̚k̚ɗəj tʰlaj tʰnou. mɔnuh krup̚ ruːp̚ sot̚ tae miən vicaːranaɲiən nɨŋ satəsampacŏəɲɲeaʔ haəj trouʋ prɑprɨt cɑmpŭəh kniə tɨw ʋɨɲ tɨw mɔːk̚ knoŋ smaːrɔːɗəj rŏəp̚ ʔaːn kniə ciə ɓɑːŋ pʔoun/.

Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai goh-goh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.

Rujukan

  1. 1.0 1.1 Huffman, Franklin. 1970. Cambodian System of Writing and Beginning Reader. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-01314-0.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' not found.
  3. The letter has no subscript form in standard orthography, but some fonts include one (្ឡ), as a form to be rendered if the character appears after the Khmer subscripting character (see under Unicode).
  4. Official Unicode Consortium code chart for Khmer (PDF)
  5. Huffman (1970), p. 29.
  6. Template:Wp/kge/Cite book