Poland (Jaku Poland: Polska), nama resmi iya Republik Poland,[lower-alpha 5] sebengkah menua ba Eropah Tengah. Poland dibagi nyadi enam belas bengkah kandang menua lalu nyadi kaban kelima pemadu mayuh mensia dalam Serakup Eropah (EU), enggau penyampau tubuh lebih 39 juta iku, sereta menua ketujuh pemadu besai dalam EU, ke mungkur pemesai 312,696 km2 (120,733 mi persegi). Iya ngerembai ari Tasik Baltik di utara nyentuk ngagai Gunung Sudetes enggau Carpathian ba selatan, lalu bekunsi adan entara menua enggau tujuh bengkah menua.[lower-alpha 6] Kandang menua tu ditanda enggau mayuh macham rampa menua, mayuh macham ekosistem, sereta iklim transisyen ti angat. Indu nengeri enggau mengeri ti pemadu besai iya nya Warsaw; nengeri besai bukai nyengkaum Kraków, Wrocław, Łódź, Poznań, and Gdańsk.
Republik Poland Rzeczpospolita Polska (Poland) | |
|---|---|
 Menira
 Lambang menua
| |
| Anthem: "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"[lower-alpha 1] ("Poland Bedau Alah Agi") | |
.svg)  Location of Wp/iba/Poland (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Indu menua enggau nengeri ke pemadu besai | Warsaw 52°13′N 21°02′E / 52.217°N 21.033°E |
| Official language | Polish[1] |
| Raban bansa (2021)[2] |
|
| Pengarap (2021[3]) |
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| Demonim |
|
| Perintah | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Andrzej Duda | |
| Donald Tusk | |
| Dewan Undangan Negeri | Parliament |
| Senate | |
| Sejm | |
| Formation | |
| c. 960 | |
| 966 | |
| 18 April 1025 | |
| 1 July 1569 | |
| 24 October 1795 | |
| 11 November 1918 | |
| 17 September 1939 | |
| 22 July 1944 | |
| 31 December 1989[5] | |
| Menua | |
• Pemesai | 312,696 km2 (120,733 bt2)[6][7] (69th) |
• Ai (%) | 1.48 (2015)[8] |
| Penyampau tubuh | |
• 2021 census |  39,015,321[9] (37th) |
• Pemayuh tubuh | 122/km2 (316.0/sq mi) (75th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 estimate |
• Total |  $1.801 trillion[10] (20th) |
• Per capita | $49,060[10] (39th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 estimate |
• Total | $844.623 billion[10] (21st) |
• Per capita | $23,014[10] (45th) |
| Gini (2022) |  26.3[11]low |
| HDI (2022) | 0.881[12] very high · 36th |
| Mata duit | Złoty (PLN) |
| Zon jam | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Date format | dd.mm.yyyy (CE) |
| Tisi deriba | right |
| Kod talipaun | +48 |
| Kod ISO 3166 | PL |
| TLD Internet | .pl [a] |
| |
Penerang
- ↑ "the Dąbrowski Mazurka"
- ↑ Multiple national identity was available in the census.
- ↑ "The dukes (dux) were originally the commanders of an armed retinue (drużyna) with which they broke the authority of the chieftains of the clans, thus transforming the original tribal organization into a territorial unit."[4]
- ↑ "Mieszko accepted Roman Catholicism via Bohemia in 966. A missionary bishopric directly dependent on the papacy was established in Poznań. This was the true beginning of Polish history, for Christianity was a carrier of Western civilization with which Poland was henceforth associated."[4]
- ↑ Template:Wp/iba/Lang-pl Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Audio" does not exist., Template:Wp/iba/Literal translation
- ↑ Poland is bordered by Lithuania and Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the northeast, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south, and Germany to the west.
- ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Poland, Article 27.
- ↑ "National Population and Housing Census 2021 Population. Size and demographic-social structure in the light of the 2021 Census results".
- ↑ "Final results of the National Population and Housing Census 2021". Statistics Poland.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Poland". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2023. Diarkib ari asal ba 19 January 2024. Diambi 31 December 2023.
- ↑ "The Act of December 29, 1989 amending the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic". Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych. Diarkib ari asal ba 19 October 2020. Diambi 18 October 2020. Template:Wp/iba/In lang
- ↑ GUS. "Powierzchnia i ludność w przekroju terytorialnym w 2023 roku". Diarkib ari asal ba 22 September 2023. Diambi 19 October 2023.
- ↑ "Poland country profile". BBC News. 12 November 2023. Diarkib ari asal ba 21 October 2023. Diambi 12 November 2023.
- ↑ "Surface water and surface water change". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Diarkib ari asal ba 24 March 2021. Diambi 11 October 2020.
- ↑ "National Population and Housing Census 2021". stat.gov.pl. Diambi 2024-08-06.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Poland)". International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Diambi 16 April 2024.
- ↑ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Diambi 13 April 2024.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024". United Nations Development Programme. 19 March 2024. Diarkib ari asal ba 19 March 2024. Diambi 19 March 2024.