O tjitiro otjindjandja tjo Vaherero no Vakuena tjivarua otjo tjitiro otjindjandja otjitenga, tjesere eondo oritja mirongo vivari. Otjo tjakarako pokati ko 1904 ngaa 1907 mo German komamuho-koutokero wAfrika{mouye wa nambano oNamibia},moma rakaneno wo mahi wAfrika.
Tjiyari 12 ku Tjitarazu mo 1904, ovaHerero, kehi yaSamuel Maherero, varwisa oveta youhuura wovaNdoitji. Mu Katjose, Munane wo vita wovandoitji Lothar von Trotha wataarere oVaherero motjirwa Tjohamakari no evehingire mokuti onguza kwaKarahari, ovengi vawo puvakatira onjota. Mu Seninani, oVakwena warwisa oVandoitji nu avetarwa tjimuna Ovaherero.
Motjivaro okuura 24,000 ngaa ko 100,000 Ovaherero vata pupena Ovakwena 10,000 wina mbata. Otjitiro otjindjandja ihi tjahandjakire nomatiro wozondjara nonyota mena rokutja Ovaherero mbatupuka mena rotjitandi aavetjaerwa okukoto okuza kokuti onguza kwanamiva. Ovaserekare tjiva serikarera kokutja ovahure woVandoitji va twamo owanga mozombu mokuti onguza.
Mo 1985, Ongondonone vyo tjirata tjomiho omikutasene, iyarisa ko kutja vyari ongondjero vyo kuzepa oVaherero no Vakwena mbari mo mamuho-koutokero wAfrika, no itjimwe tjotjitiro tjindjandja no imbi ovi tenga tenga tjesere eondo oritjamirongo vivari. Ohoromende yo Vandoitji vaakura nu aveningire ondjesiro kotjitjitwa ihi mo mayovi yerari naine,posiya ovahihamisiwa veningira omasutiro wotjimariva komaihamiro ngo.[1]
Ehi rokongotwe
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Okuza kotjimemena oVaherero omuhoko omutumba ngombe mbutura mo German komamuho-koutokero wAfrika, mouye wa nambano oNamibia. Ehi maamutura oVaherero aari tjuukwa otjehi ro vaZorotwa.
Mo 1883,moma rakanenowo mahi wAfrika,, Franz Adolf Eduard Lüderitz warandere ehi okuza koVakwena nu, mu Katjose 1883,otjira tjivise otjo rukongwa ro Vandoitji,nambino kutja ohomende yo Vandoitji aavetjiwa kutja ovina mbwehina owatjiri,moruvzendo rari ehi arie rike roVandoitji ewa maavahandurisa ovirumbu ovikwaao.
Ombara omuraranganda woVaherero,ombara Maharero weri twa pere omuni otjo mu woronganise woVaherero avehe. Owo vaumbwa rukwa iyo vaǀKhowesin okamuhoko okatiti kehi ya Hendrik Witbooi,eye watwako omunwe kembo konduvasaneno yokutjeverwa kuno ngooneya youhura woVandoitji tjiyari 12 Seninani1885 posiya vaisapo ehi rovaherero. Onduvasaneno ndji yatjivisiwa rukwao mo 1885 indu ovandoitji tjivehena vavaterere Witbooi poyisa yatjivisawa nawa mo 1890.
Ovanane wOvaherero povikando ovingi aaunauna ohunga nozongaro ozombi zo ngutasaneno ndjo, indu ovakazendu waVaherero no vanatje ovakazona iyo vaNdoitji, omakatukiro yoveta iyo horomende puvahanga okuyenda kumwe okuitavera.
References
edit- ↑ Germany admits Namibia genocide, 2004-08-14, BBC News.
Bibliography and documentaries
edit- Rachel Anderson, Redressing Colonial Genocide Under International Law: The Hereros' Cause of Action Against Germany, 93 California Law Review 1155 (2005).
- Clark, Christopher, Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia 1600–1947, 2006, Belknap Press of Harvard, Cambridge, 776 pshrd (ISBN 067402385-4).
- Exterminate all the Brutes, Sven Lindqvist, London, 1996.
- "A Forgotten History-Concentration Camps were used by Germans in South West Africa", Casper W. Erichsen, in the Mail and Guardian, Johannesburg, 17 August 2001.
- Genocide & The Second Reich, BBC Four, David Olusoga, October 2004
- German Federal Archives, Imperial Colonial Office, Vol. 2089, 7 (recto)
- "The Herero and Nama Genocides, 1904-1908", J.B. Gewald, in Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, New York, Macmillan Reference, 2004.
- Herero Heroes: A Socio-Political History of the Herero of Namibia 1890 - 1923, J.B. Gewald, Oxford, Cape Town, Athens, Ohio, 1999.
- Let Us Die Fighting: the Struggle of the Herero and Nama against German Imperialism, 1884-1915, Horst Drechsler, London, 1980.
- "The Revolt of the Hereros", Jon M. Bridgman, Perspectives on Southern Africa, Berkeley, University of California, 1981.
- A probable source for much of this information is Isabell Hull's Absolute Destruction: Military Culture and the Practices of War in Imperial Germany (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005). Parts of this entry are nearly word-for-word summaries of Hull's analysis.
- Hull, Isabell (2005) "The Military Campaign in German Southwest Africa, 1904-1907. Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Issue 37, pp. 39-49.
- Zimmerer, Jürgen (2005) "Annihilation in Africa: The 'Race War' in German Southwest Africa (1904-1908) and its Significance for a Global History of Genocide." Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Issue 37, pp. 51–57.
- Absolute Destruction: Military Culture And the Practices of War in Imperial Germany by Isabel V. Hull Cornell University Press 2006
- Mohamed Adhikari, "'Streams Of Blood And Streams Of Money': New Perspectives on the Annihilation of the Herero and Nama Peoples Of Namibia, 1904-1908," Kronos: Journal Of Cape History 2008 34: 303-320