Afghanistan /æfˈɡænᵻstæn/ (Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Afġānistān), nopo nga iso pogun ii nosorili do tana ii poingiliu id suang Asia Kabaatan om Asia Tengah[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Haro aga'-aga' 31 riong tulun, minoposiliu do pogun ko 42 id bobos ogumu mogigion id pomogunan. Pogun diti nopo nga id wolit do Pakistan id kabaatan om kosilahon; Iran id kotonobon; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan om Tajikistan id koibutan; om China id kosilahon rahat tosodu. Bidak watas pogun diti nopo nga 652,000 km2 (252,000 bt2), minoposiliu do pogun diti ko-42 tagayo id pogun.
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
 Bondira
| |
| Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله Lā ʾilāha ʾillā llāh, Muhammadun rasūlu llāh "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." (Shahadah) | |
| Anthem: دا د باتورانو کور "Dā Də Bātorāno Kor" "This Is the Home of the Brave"[2] | |
.svg) _-_AFG_-_UNOCHA.svg) | |
| Status | Template:Wp/dtp/Infobox country/status text |
| Capital | Kabul 34°31′N 69°11′E / 34.517°N 69.183°E[3] |
| Largest city | Kabul |
| Official languages | |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Religion (2015) | |
| Demonym(s) | Afghan[lower-alpha 2][11][12] |
| Government | Unitary totalitarian[13] provisional theocratic Islamic emirate[14] |
| Hibatullah Akhundzada | |
| Hasan Akhund (acting) | |
| Abdul Hakim Haqqani | |
| Legislature | None[lower-alpha 3] |
| Formation | |
| 1709–1738 | |
| 1747–1823 | |
• Emirate | 1823–1839 |
| 1839–1842 | |
| 1842–1926 | |
| 27 May 1863 | |
| 26 May 1879 | |
| 19 August 1919 | |
• Kingdom | 9 June 1926 |
• Republic | 17 July 1973 |
| 27–28 April 1978 | |
| 28 April 1992 | |
| 27 September 1996 | |
| 26 January 2004 | |
| 15 August 2021 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 652,867[19] km2 (252,073 sq mi) (40th) |
• Water (%) | negligible |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate |  39,232,003[20] (37th) |
• Density | 48.08/km2 (124.5/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $81.007 billion[21] |
• Per capita | $2,459[21] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $20.136 billion[21] |
• Per capita | $611[21] |
| HDI (2021) |  0.478[22][23]low · 180th |
| Currency | Afghani (افغانى) (AFN) |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 Lunar Calendar[24] (Afghanistan Time) |
| DST is not observed[25] | |
| ISO 3166 code | AF |
| Internet TLD | .af |
![Coat of Arms of the Islamic Emirate[1]](/wiki/File:Arms_of_the_Islamic_Emirate_of_Afghanistan.svg)
Galeri
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Kinoyonon Pogun Afghanistan id Globe -
Gambal do katantaraan id pogun Afghanistan
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Sukuon
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Linoyog ontok 17 September 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Tharoor, Ishaan (19 June 2013). "The Taliban's Qatar Office: Are Prospects for Peace Already Doomed?". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Linoyog ontok 19 August 2021.
- ↑ [[[:Template:Wp/dtp/Geonameslink]] Islamic Republic of Afghanistan] in [[[:Template:Wp/dtp/Geonamesabout]] Geonames.org (CC BY)]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPopulation Matters - ↑ timesofindia (23 August 2021). "Afghanistan's ethnic mosaic". The Times of India.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedPopulation 2021 - ↑ statista.com (20 August 2021). "Distribution of Afghan population by ethnic group 2020".
- ↑ reliefweb.int (14 August 2011). "Afghan Ethnic Groups: A Brief Investigation".
- ↑ Dictionary.com. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007).
- ↑ Dictionary.com. WordNet 3.0. Princeton University. Reference.com (Retrieved 13 November 2007). Archived 28 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016. Linoyog ontok 16 February 2013.
- ↑ Afghan | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary. the Cambridge English Dictionary. ISBN 9781107660151.
- ↑ *Sakhi, Nilofar (December 2022). "The Taliban Takeover in Afghanistan and Security Paradox". Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs. 9 (3): 383–401. doi:10.1177/23477970221130882. S2CID 253945821.
Afghanistan is now controlled by a militant group that operates out of a totalitarian ideology.
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Linoyog ontok 28 November 2022.
In other words, the centralized political and governance institutions of the former republic were unaccountable enough that they now comfortably accommodate the totalitarian objectives of the Taliban without giving the people any chance to resist peacefully.
- Sadr, Omar (23 March 2022). "Afghanistan's Public Intellectuals Fail to Denounce the Taliban". Fair Observer. Linoyog ontok 28 November 2022.
The Taliban government currently installed in Afghanistan is not simply another dictatorship. By all standards, it is a totalitarian regime.
- "Dismantlement of the Taliban regime is the only way forward for Afghanistan". Atlantic Council. 8 September 2022. Linoyog ontok 28 November 2022.
As with any other ideological movement, the Taliban's Islamic government is transformative and totalitarian in nature.
- Akbari, Farkhondeh (7 March 2022). "The Risks Facing Hazaras in Taliban-ruled Afghanistan". George Washington University. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Linoyog ontok 28 November 2022.
In the Taliban's totalitarian Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, there is no meaningful political inclusivity or representation for Hazaras at any level.
- Madadi, Sayed (6 September 2022). "Dysfunctional centralization and growing fragility under Taliban rule". Middle East Institute. Linoyog ontok 28 November 2022.
- ↑
- Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021). "EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises". The Hill. Linoyog ontok 18 March 2022.
- Bezhan, Frud (7 September 2021). "Key Figures In The Taliban's New Theocratic Government". Radio Farda. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Linoyog ontok 6 February 2022.
- George, Susannah (18 February 2023). "Inside the Taliban campaign to forge a religious emirate". The Washington Post. Linoyog ontok 19 February 2023.
- ↑ T. S. Tirumurti (26 May 2022). "Letter dated 25 May 2022 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011) addressed to the President of the Security Council" (PDF). United Nations Security Council. Linoyog ontok 2 May 2023.
- ↑ Kraemer, Thomas (27 November 2022). "Afghanistan dispatch: Taliban leaders issue new orders on law-making process, enforcement of court orders from previous government". JURIST. Linoyog ontok 1 May 2023.
- ↑ Dawi, Akmal (28 March 2023). "Unseen Taliban Leader Wields Godlike Powers in Afghanistan". Voice of America. Linoyog ontok 1 May 2023.
- ↑ Oxford Analytica (10 March 2023). "Senior Afghan Taliban figures move to curb leader". Expert Briefings. Emerald Expert Briefings. doi:10.1108/OXAN-DB276639.
[Akhundzada] has not convened the Taliban's Leadership Council (a 'politburo' of top leaders and commanders) for several months. Instead, he relies on the narrower Kandahar Council of Clerics for legal advice.
- ↑ Central Statistics Office Afghanistan
- ↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Linoyog ontok 24 September 2022. (Archived 2022 edition)
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Linoyog ontok 1 May 2023.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022: Uncertain Times, Unsettled Lives: Shaping our Future in a Transforming World (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2022. p. 284. ISBN 9789211264517. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Linoyog ontok 24 September 2022.
- ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Linoyog ontok 16 December 2020.
- ↑ "Taliban Changes Solar Year to Hijri Lunar Calendar". Hasht-e Subh Daily. 2022-03-26. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Linoyog ontok 2022-09-04.
- ↑ "Half Hour and 45-Minute Time Zones". timeanddate.com.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBritannica - ↑ "U.S. maps". Pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Linoyog ontok 19 May 2012.
- ↑ "South Asia: Data, Projects, and Research". Linoyog ontok 2 Mac 2015.
- ↑ "MAPS SHOWING GEOLOGY, OIL AND GAS FIELDS AND GEOLOGICAL PROVINCES OF SOUTH ASIA (Includes Afghanistan)". Linoyog ontok 2 Mac 2015.
- ↑ "University of Washington Jackson School of International Studies: The South Asia Center". Linoyog ontok 2 March 2015.
- ↑ "Syracruse University: The South Asia Center". Linoyog ontok 2 Mac 2015.
- ↑ "Center for South Asian studies". Linoyog ontok 2 Mac 2015.
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