Wp/cop/ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩⲅ̅

ⲛⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲁⲃⲃⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲅ̅ (ⲡⲓⲣⲁⲛ ⲛ̀ⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ: ⲛⲁⲇⲓⲣ ϫⲉⲓⲉⲇ ⲣⲁⲫⲁⲏⲗ) ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲛ̀ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1971 ϣⲁϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 2012.

ⲟⲛϧϥ

ⲡⲓⲙϩⲁⲩ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩϣⲟⲙⲧ ϧⲉⲛϯϩⲉⲛⲉϯ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲫⲏⲉⲑⲟⲩⲁⲃ ⲡⲓϣⲱⲓ

ⲁⲩⲙⲁⲥϥ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1923 ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲭⲱⲣⲓⲟⲛ ⲥⲉⲗⲗⲁⲙ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲭⲏ ⲡⲁⲣⲁ ⲙⲁⲛⲕⲁⲡⲱⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲑⲱϣ ⲛ̀ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ. ⲛⲉ ⲣⲉⲛϥ ⲙⲙⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲉ ⲛⲁⲇⲓⲣ ϫⲁⲓⲉⲇ ⲣⲁⲫⲁⲏⲗ. ⲁϥϭⲓⲥⲃⲱ ⲛ̀ϯϩⲓⲥⲧⲟⲣⲓⲁ ϧⲉⲛ ⲫⲙⲁⲛⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛ̀ϯⲕⲁϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ ⲓⲥϫⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1943 ϣⲁϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1947. ϧⲉⲛϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1962 ⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩⲋ̅ ⲫⲱϣⲉⲛ ⲛⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲡⲓⲥⲕⲟⲡⲟⲥ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁ ⲡⲓⲙⲟⲩ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲕⲩⲣⲓⲗⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩⲋ̅ ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲧⲡϥ ⲉϯⲙⲉⲧⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϧⲉⲛϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 1971. ⲛⲉ ⲟⲩⲟⲛⲧⲉ ⲡⲓⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲟⲩⲥⲭⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲉϩⲱⲟⲩ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲁⲣ ⲁⲥⲥⲉⲇⲉⲧ. ⲟⲩⲟϩ ⲛⲉⲛⲁⲛⲉ ϯⲥⲭⲉⲥⲓⲥ ⲙⲡⲓⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ϩⲟⲥⲛⲓ ⲙⲟⲡⲁⲣⲁⲕ. ϧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩ ⲡⲓⲁⲃⲟⲧ ⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ1973 ⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲓ ϣⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲛⲕⲁⲑⲟⲗⲓⲕⲟⲥ ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩⲥⲟⲟⲩ ϧⲉⲛⲣⲱⲙⲏ. ϧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩ ⲥⲉⲡⲧⲉⲙⲃⲣⲓⲟⲥ 1974 ⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ϫⲉⲙ ⲡϣⲉⲛⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲉⲁⲓⲑⲓⲟⲡⲓⲁ. ϧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩ ⲟⲕⲧⲱⲃⲣⲓⲟⲥ ⲛ2010 ⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩϣⲟⲙⲧ ⲓ ϣⲁϩⲁⲛⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ ⲉⲡⲓⲣⲉⲑⲱⲟⲩ ⲉⲧⲧⲟⲙⲓ ⲛⲧⲉ ⲁⲙⲉⲣⲓⲕⲏ.^[1] ϧⲉⲛⲥⲟⲩ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 2012 ⲁϥⲓ ⲟⲛ ⲉⲁⲙⲉⲣⲓⲕⲏ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲉϥⲗⲁϫⲗⲉϫ. ^[2] ⲁϥⲙⲟⲩ ⲉⲑⲃⲉ ⲡⲁⲥⲥⲁⲣⲁⲧⲁⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲣⲟⲙⲡⲓ 2012 ϧⲉⲛ ϯⲕⲁϣⲣⲱⲙⲓ. ⲛⲁϥⲥⲱⲟⲩⲛ ⲛⲛⲓⲁⲥⲡⲓ ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ, ⲛⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ, ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛⲉⲛⲕⲉⲗⲑⲉⲣⲁ, ⲛⲣⲉⲙⲛϥⲣⲁⲛⲥⲁ, ⲛϩⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓⲟⲥ, ⲛⲟⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓⲛ ⲛⲉⲙ ⲛⲁⲓⲑⲓⲟⲯ. ⲙⲉⲛⲉⲛⲥⲱϥ ⲁⲡⲁⲡⲁ ⲑⲉⲟⲇⲱⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲓⲙⲁϩⲃ ⲉⲣⲣⲉϥϭⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲛⲛⲓⲕⲩⲡϯⲟⲥ ⲛⲟⲣⲑⲟⲧⲟⲝⲟⲥ.

ϩⲁⲛⲙⲟⲩⲙⲓ ⲛⲥⲁϧ

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