Lluɣat amaziɣiya huma luɣat tabɛin l Lluɣat afroaziatik, ihedru-hum waḥed 30 melyun ɛebd f nnor teɛ lafrik (nelqaw-hum majoritérman f dzayer u lmerruk). Golottog hṣeb-hum u lqa 27 luɣa amaziɣiya.
Had lluɣat kanu bekri yettenketbu b tifinaɣ leqdim, mi mɛa lweqt geɛ lberber nsaw-h ḥaca ttwareg bqaw yesteɛmlu-h. L'académie berbère teɛ muḥend aɛrab bessaɛud ɛawdet xelqet alfabé jdid anspiré menn-u, isemmu-h tifinaɣ jdid, u rejjɛett-u lmerruk alfabé ofisyél f lektiba teɛ tamaziɣt.
Lluɣat amaziɣiya llewla ɛla ḥsab lli ihedru-ha hiya ccelḥiya, tji mura-ha leqbayliya.
Laṣel
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Les linguistes yeklasifyiw lamaziɣya meɛ lluɣat afroaziatik lexrin: samiya, meṣriya (teɛ lefraɛna), kuciya, tcadiya u umutiya.
Tsiparat lamaziɣya men lafroaziatik ɛendha waḥed 9000-10000 n sna qbel weqtna, wecnu, Les linguistes ma qedruc iɛawdu yebniw lluɣa proto-amaziɣya ḥetta hadek lweqt, lmaksimum lli leḥqu-lu huwa 200 beɛd ma nzad ɛisa. Hada huwa lli yekspliki weɛlac lamaziɣya ma ɛendhac bezzaf lefruɛ ki nkompari-ha mɛa lluɣat afroaziatik lexrin.
Lefruɛ
editLamaziɣiya tettneqsem l 4 lefruɛ:
- Ccerq: Yettenhedru f libya u maṣer: ɣdamsiya, tawjilt, nafusiya... ra-hum qrib imutu.
- Nror: Yettenhedru f lmerruk, dzayer u tunes, tettneqsem amaziɣiya teɛ nnord l 3 fruɛ:
- Znatiya (cawiya, rifyia, mzabiya, cenwa...etc).
- Qbayliya.
- Lluɣat teɛ laṭlas f lmerruk (celḥiya...etc).
- Lɣerb: F had legrup, kayen zuj luɣat berk, u bin zuj bqal-hum waḥed l ɛecrin n sna u imutu.
- Tergiya: Keyen 3 luɣat tergiya: tamaceq (national f lmali), tayert, tawellamt (national f nnijér).