Jarman (Jarman afa: Deutschland), qaduuk Jarman Federal Reppablik (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) Awroppah addal tan baaxo.
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Jarman deqsittak naharal, Germania deqsitak sugte. 900 – 1806 fanah Jarman baaxok Roomah Impaayerih addat sugte. 1949 ilaa 1990 fanah Jarman namma baaxok xissimteeh, Jarman Federaal Rippablik (ayro korma Jarman) kee Jarman Dimokraasih Rippablik (ayro mawqa Jarman) deqsitta. Tama waktil, inaytâ magaala Berliin ayro korma kee ayro mawqah exxal kurruumak sugte. 13/08/1961, ayro mawqah Jarman Berliin gidaar xisaanam qemmisse namma exxah fanat. Ayro korma Jarman Awroppah Inkiinoh Egla Qimbisse Baxooxak Tiyak Teynak Ten.[1]
Aydaadu
editJarman Jarman Agattiinah addal tan Holy Roman Imperiyaal, naharsi Reich (ta qangara imperiyaal yaanama) sugte. Charlemagne 800 AD qimboh addah Qusba Roomah Amoyti akkuk sugeeh, 1806, Napoleon Carbih wakti fanah suge.[2] Lakal, Jarman agattiinah doolatitte Fanti Arobbal amobaxxaaqa abte.
1800 liggidih addat, Prusshiya Chansiler Otto von Bismarck miraacisak sugeeh, usuk inki inki adda "Jarman Abba" axcuk muggaaqisen. Usug Jarman ummatta inki baaxoh gubat gacissuh gexsit miraacisak suge. 1866, Prusshiya Ostiriya kee ken kataysis luk abte carbit teyseh. Tama waktil, Prusshiya Kilbatti Jarman Konfedereeshin xisse. Jarman Inkittiinoh Sittin gey Versailles magaalal yekkem Jarman 1871 Faranko-Prusshiyah Qeebik Teyseek Lakal.[3] Taham nammeyhayto Reich qimbisse. Qusba Jarman Impaayerih addat kaxxa doolat Pirussiyak sugte. mango qunxa doolatitte sugte Imperiyal, takkay immay Ostiriya hinna. Jarman 50 liggiditteh imperiyaal sugte. Gersi Awroppah imperiyal Afrikah gicloh addat geytimtaah, Afrikah baaxooxal kaxxa exxaaxi kee Oceaniyah baaxooxah addal geytimta. Mango Nama kee Herero ummattay Jarman xiinissoh addat geytimtam faxe wayta.[4] Asaaku, too koloonitte 7 takke doolatitte tekke: Toogo, Kameeruun, Namibiya, Ruwaanda, Burundi, Tanzaaniya, kee Papuwa Niwu Giini.[5]
Jarman Baad Carbih addat sugteeh, ken kataysis Ostiriya-Hangaari luk sugteeh, qagitaak Faransal carbi qimmisseh. Carbi ayro culmak salacak gexeeh, boodoh carbi yekke. Mango labha gace kal namma gammik inkih qideenih. Mikki foocal qaskariita Ruusiyah Impaayeritte luk giclo abteeh, Ruusiyah doolat giclo abteek lakal tokkel geytimte. Carbi gaba kaleh 1918 kah kinnim Jarman ayro culmal taysem duude wayteeh, gaba teceeh. Jarman imperator kaadu isi reeda cabam faxxiimak sugteeh, Jarmanak Afrikah koloonittek mango gaba gersi Awroppah impereeritteh gabat gacte.[3][6] Faransaawi Alsace Jarmanak beyteeh, Poolanxi Danzig korridor geyte. uguugumook lakal, nammeyhayto Reich gaba kaleh, kee demokraasih Weimar Rippabliik qimbisse.
Qeebik lakal, Jarman baaxol lakqot mango taqabitte sugte, Versailles salaam sittin geyik ugutak, Jarman Baadak Naharsi Carbi kee baad caddol kaxxa taqabih addat sugteh tan awqentitte meklaanam abte. Sidoc haytô Reich Nazi Jarmanak sugte; sanat suge, 1933 ilaa 1945 fan.[19] toh qimbissem Adolf Hitleer doolat saqal yekkeek lakal. Qado dirrik 23, 1933, Reichstag (parlaama) Hitleer doolat Reichstag kee prezixantih cato sinnim baaxoh addal amrissam xiqte. Tah baaxo kee doolat inkih lowsiisoonuh kaah teceeh.[20] Adolf Hitleer, abinal, diktator yekke.
Hitler inkih tan Jarman inki doolatih addat inkih tan baaxooxah addal inkih tan baaxooxah addal inkih tan Jarman xaylo elle geytimta aracal, Ostiriya kee Chekoslovakiyah addal geytimta; Hitler kaadu 1918 fanah Jarman luk sugte baaxo poolanxih addal faxak sugem takkay immay Poolanxi kaah yaceenim cinteh. Usug tokkeek Poolanxi warar abe. Tamah nammay haytoh addah Baad Carbi 1/09/1939 qimbiseeh, carbi qimmol Jarman baaxok qimmoh addah Faransah baaxoh addal geytimta. Aroppah exxak mangom beytam xiqteh. Takkay immay, Jarman Sovyet inkiino 1941 maysattaka abteeh, Kursk carbih lakal, Jarmanak ayro mawqah exxa carbi gaba kalam fan, lowsis gubat gactam qemmisse. May alsak 8, 1945, Jarman Berliin xissimteek lakal, Hitler ayyaamak naharal isih is qide. Carbi sabbatah, Jarman Oder-Neiße lineik ayro mawqah exxal mango Jarman baaxooxal baxsimteeh, 45 sanatah Jarman Kilbatti Jarman kee Ayro mawqah Jarman fanah kurruumak sugte. Gersi tekkooka Nazi Jarmanal tekkeh tan carbih wakti, Holocaust, Yahuud kee gersi ummattah fanat tekkeh tan giclo, inki inki Nazitte Nuremberg Trials deqsitta gicloh addat tekke.
Baad Carbih lakal Jarman baaxoh addal geytimta baaxooxah addal 1949 2 rakaakayal kurruumak sugte: Ayro culma Jarman kee Ayro mawqah Jarman, Xabcin Carbih addat culteh sugte. Berliin inayta magaala nammayak fanat Berliin gidaar kurruumak sugte.
1989 ayro mawqah Jarmanal milaagi gexsit sugeeh, tama gexsit Berliin gidaar fakkiimeeh, Jarmanal sooshalisti doolat gaba kalteh. Ta tekkooka Jarmanal Wende hinnay Friedliche uguugumo (Salaam uguugumo) axcuk tamixxige. Tohuk wadir ayro mawqah garman 1990 ayrô korma garmanat tengele. Qusba Jarman Awroppah Inkiinoh Eglah exxa kinni.[7]
Jograafi
edit
Jarman awroppah addal kaxxa baaxooxak tiyak teyna. Kilbatti qaxih bad kee Baltik badak xabba haanam gabbi qaxih Alpi qaleela fanah gexxa. Kaxxam fayyale ximmo Ostiriya cuduudul geytimta Zugspitze deqsitta dariifak 2,962 mitir (9,718 ft) takke.[8]
Jarmanak kilbatti qaxih exxa kaxxaam addah tanim kee fidin exxal tan (addah tan ximmo: Neuendorf-Sachsenbande −3.54 m hinnay −11.6 ft). Fanat, addah tan qaleela tan, kaxxa garbol buulumte. Tamah kee Alpis fanat, barad dabaanitteh addat barad bicsen gersi booxa tan.
Jarman kaadu Awroppah addal kaxxa daqaarak exxaaxi le, axcih Rayin (Jarmanak kilbatti cuduuduk exxa kinnih tanim kee Oder weeqaytu kaadu ayro mawqah cuduudul tan), Danube kee Elbe weeqaytu.[8]
Jarman Rakaakayitte
editJarman addal: 16 rakaakay yan (Bundesländer):
| Rakaakayak migaq | Qaasima | Caafata (km2) | Ummata qadata[9] |
|---|---|---|---|
| North Rhine-Westphalia | Düsseldorf | 34,043 | 17,925,570 |
| Bavaria | Munich | 70,549 | 13,140,183 |
| Baden-Württemberg | Stuttgart | 35,752 | 11,103,043 |
| Lower Saxony | Hanover | 47,618 | 8,003,421 |
| Hesse | Wiesbaden | 21,115 | 6,293,154 |
| Rhineland-Palatinate | Mainz | 19,847 | 4,098,391 |
| Saxony | Dresden | 18,416 | 4,056,941 |
| Berliin | Berliin | 892 | 3,664,088 |
| Schleswig-Holstein | Kiel | 15,763 | 2,910,875 |
| Brandenburg | Potsdam | 29,477 | 2,531,071 |
| Saxony-Anhalt | Magdeburg | 20,445 | 2,180,684 |
| Thuringia | Erfurt | 16,172 | 2,120,237 |
| Hamburg | Hamburg | 755 | 1,852,478 |
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Schwerin | 23,174 | 1,610,774 |
| Saarland | Saarbrücken | 2,569 | 983,991 |
| Bremen | Bremen | 404 | 680,130 |
Mangeelah
edit- ↑ http://europa.eu/abc/history/1945-1959/1957/index_en.htm.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20110713181044/http://laender-lexikon.com/fdtlhi1r.htm
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.stefanjacob.de/Geschichte/Unterseiten/Zeittafel.php?Intern=5&PHPSESSID=b90e60702ee906731aa362b243a99d20
- ↑ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/brutal-genocide-colonial-africa-finally-gets-its-deserved-recognition-180957073/
- ↑ https://www.humanityinaction.org/knowledge_detail/facing-the-past-to-liberate-the-future-colonial-africa-in-the-german-mind/
- ↑ https://academic.oup.com/ehr/article/134/567/390/5384501
- ↑ https://archive.today/20110519215124/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/standard-norme/sgc-cgt/eu-ue-eng.htm
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Thom, Bruce G.; Australia, Random House (2008). Geographica's World Reference. Random House Australia. p. 446.
- ↑ https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Current-Population/Tables/population-by-laender.html